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Shloka 3

Vasiṣṭha on Saṃsāra, Guṇas, and Misattributed Agency

Mahābhārata 12.292

अपना सगा भाई भी यदि अपने श्रेष्ठ स्वभावका और स्नेहका त्याग कर दे तो लोग उसको त्याग देते हैं; फिर दूसरे किसी साधारण मनुष्यकी तो बात ही क्‍या है ।। विशिष्टस्य विशिष्टाच्च तुल्यौ दानप्रतिग्रहौ । तयो: पुण्यतरं दान॑ तद्‌ द्विजस्य प्रयच्छत:

viśiṣṭasya viśiṣṭāc ca tulyau dāna-pratigrahau | tayoḥ puṇyataraṃ dānaṃ tad dvijasya prayacchataḥ ||

برتر شخص کا برتر شخص کو دیا ہوا دان اور برتر شخص سے برتر شخص کا قبول کیا ہوا پرتیگرہ—دونوں برابر سمجھے جاتے ہیں؛ مگر ان میں دان زیادہ پُنیہ بخش ہے، خصوصاً جب وہ لائق دْوِج (برہمن) کو دیا جائے۔

विशिष्टस्यof a distinguished (person/thing)
विशिष्टस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootविशिष्ट (वि+शिष् क्त)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
विशिष्टात्from a distinguished (person/thing)
विशिष्टात्:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootविशिष्ट (वि+शिष् क्त)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तुल्यौequal (two)
तुल्यौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतुल्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
दानgiving, donation
दान:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रतिग्रहौacceptance (of a gift) (two: giving and receiving)
प्रतिग्रहौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिग्रह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
तयोःof those two
तयोः:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual
पुण्यतरम्more meritorious
पुण्यतरम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्यतर (पुण्य + तर)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दानम्giving, donation
दानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
द्विजस्यfor/of a brahmin (twice-born)
द्विजस्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
प्रयच्छतःgive (you should give)
प्रयच्छतः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+यम् (यच्छ)
FormPresent (Lat), Second, Singular, Parasmaipada, Imperative/Optative-like injunctive usage (contextual exhortation)

पराशर उवाच

P
Parāśara
D
dvija (brāhmaṇa)

Educational Q&A

When both parties are worthy, giving and receiving are both legitimate, but giving is considered more meritorious—especially when directed to a deserving brāhmaṇa—highlighting generosity as a key expression of dharma.

In the Śānti Parva’s didactic setting, Parāśara is instructing on righteous conduct, specifically the ethics of gifting and receiving, and how merit is assessed based on worthiness and intention.