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Shloka 15

महाभूत–इन्द्रिय–मनस्–बुद्धि–अन्तरात्मा विवेकः | Discrimination of Elements, Senses, Mind, Intellect, and Inner Self

चतुर्थश्नौपनिषदो धर्म: साधारण: स्मृत: । वानप्रस्थाद्‌ गृहस्थाच्च ततो<न्य: सम्प्रवर्तते

vyāsa uvāca | caturthaś ca upaniṣado dharmaḥ sādhāraṇaḥ smṛtaḥ | vānaprasthād gṛhasthāc ca tato 'nyaḥ sampravartate ||

ویاس نے کہا—“اوپنشدوں میں بیان کردہ، چوتھے آشرم سے وابستہ دھرم ‘سाधारण’ سمجھا گیا ہے—یعنی اسے سبھی آشرموں میں پروان چڑھانا چاہیے۔ مگر چوتھے آشرم—سنیاس—کا خاص طریقِ عمل گِرہستھ اور وانپرستھ سے مختلف طور پر جاری ہوتا ہے۔”

चतुर्थfourth
चतुर्थ:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्नौपनिषदःthe Upaniṣadic (dharma) of śama etc. (as a technical term)
श्नौपनिषदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्नौपनिषद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma; duty; law
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
साधारणःcommon; general
साधारणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसाधारण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्मृतःis remembered/considered
स्मृतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (participial)
वानप्रस्थात्from the forest-dweller (āśrama)
वानप्रस्थात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootवानप्रस्थ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
गृहस्थात्from the householder (āśrama)
गृहस्थात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootगृहस्थ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ततःthereafter; from that
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अन्यःdifferent; another
अन्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्प्रवर्ततेproceeds; comes into operation
सम्प्रवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+प्र+वृत्
FormLat (present), Ātmanepada, Third, Singular, Active (ātmanepada)

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
U
Upaniṣads
S
Saṃnyāsa (fourth āśrama)
V
Vānaprastha
G
Gṛhastha

Educational Q&A

Upaniṣadic inner disciplines—restraint, calm, endurance, and collectedness—are universal duties (sādhāraṇa-dharma) for all āśramas, even though the specific lifestyle and obligations of saṃnyāsa differ from those of the householder and forest-dweller.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and life-stages, Vyāsa clarifies how renunciant teachings relate to the broader āśrama system: the inner ethical virtues are shared across stages, while the formal duties of the fourth stage (saṃnyāsa) are distinct.