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Shloka 13

कामबन्धन-निवृत्ति तथा शान्तिलक्षण-उपदेशः | Release from Desire-Bondage and the Marks of Peace

भृत्यशेषं तु यो5श्नाति तमाहुर्विघसाशिनम्‌ | विघसं भृत्यशेषं तु यज्ञशेषमथामृतम्‌

bhṛtyaśeṣaṃ tu yo 'śnāti tam āhur vighasāśinam | vighasaṃ bhṛtyaśeṣaṃ tu yajñaśeṣam athāmṛtam ||

جو گِرہست اپنے زیرِکفالت افراد اور گھر والوں کو کھانا کھلا کر جو اناج باقی رہ جائے اُسے کھاتا ہے، وہ ‘وِگھساشی’ کہلاتا ہے۔ زیرِپرورش لوگوں کے بعد بچا ہوا اناج ‘وِگھس’ ہے؛ اور پنچ مہایَجْن اور بَلی وَیشْوَدیو وغیرہ یَجْن کرموں کے بعد جو شِشت رہ جائے، وہ ‘اَمِرت’—یعنی پاکیزہ پرساد—کہا گیا ہے۔

भृत्यशेषम्the remainder left for/after servants (dependents)
भृत्यशेषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभृत्यशेष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अश्नातिeats
अश्नाति:
TypeVerb
Rootअश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey call/say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
विघसाशिनम्one who eats the leavings (vighasa-eater)
विघसाशिनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविघसाशिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विघसम्leavings/leftover food
विघसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविघस
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भृत्यशेषम्servants’ remainder (food left after feeding dependents)
भृत्यशेषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभृत्यशेष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तुand/but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यज्ञशेषम्the remainder of a sacrifice
यज्ञशेषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञशेष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अथthen/and
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
अमृतम्nectar; (here) sacred/immortal (food)
अमृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअमृत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
V
vighasa
A
amṛta
Y
yajña (sacrificial rites)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches a dharmic hierarchy of eating: one should first feed those one must support; what remains is ‘vighasa’. More highly valued is ‘amṛta’, the sanctified remainder of obligatory sacrificial duties (pañca-mahāyajñas, bali-vaiśvadeva), which is considered spiritually elevating.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Vyāsa defines technical terms related to household conduct and ritual: who is called a vighasāśin, what counts as vighasa, and why sacrificial remnants are termed amṛta.