Shloka 44

Adhyāya 240: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman — The Inner Hierarchy and Restraint (इन्द्रिय-मनस्-बुद्धि-आत्म-क्रमः)

Devanagari script

सत्त्वसंसेवनाद धीरो निद्रामुच्छेत्तुमरहति । विद्वानोंने योगके जो काम, क्रोध, लोभ, भय और पाँचवाँ स्वप्र--ये पाँच दोष बताये हैं उनका पूर्णतया उच्छेद करे। इनमेंसे क्रोधको शम (मनोनिग्रह) के द्वारा जीते, कामको संकल्पके त्यागद्वारा पराजित करे तथा धीर पुरुष सत्वगुणका सेवन करनेसे निद्राका उच्छेद कर सकता है

Transliteration

sattvasaṃsevanād dhīro nidrām ucchettum arhati | vidvān yoge ye kāma-krodha-lobha-bhayaṃ ca pañcamaṃ svapnam—ime pañca doṣā uktās teṣāṃ pūrṇatayā ucchedaṃ kuryāt | teṣu krodhaṃ śamena (manonigrahena) jayet, kāmaṃ saṅkalpatyāgena parājayet; tathā dhīraḥ sattvaguṇasaṃsevanena nidrāyā ucchedaṃ śaknoti ||

Translation

ویاس نے کہا— سَتّو (صفائی و توازن) کی پرورش سے ثابت قدم مرد نیند کو کاٹ دینے کے لائق ہو جاتا ہے۔ اہلِ دانش نے یوگ میں پانچ عیوب بتائے ہیں— کام، کرودھ، لوبھ، بھَے اور پانچواں سوپن (خواب)؛ اِن سب کو جڑ سے اکھاڑ دینا چاہیے۔ اِن میں کرودھ کو شَم (ضبطِ نفس و ضبطِ ذہن) سے مغلوب کرے، اور کام کو سنکلپ (خودغرض ارادہ و خواہش انگیز عزم) کے ترک سے شکست دے۔ یوں سَتّوگُن کے سہارے دھیر مرد نیند کو قابو میں کر کے یوگ کی بیدار ریاضت میں قائم رہتا ہے۔

Word by Word

• [{'term': 'sattva-saṃsevana', 'definition': 'cultivation/association with sattva

• nurturing clarity, balance, purity'}, {'term': 'dhīra', 'definition': 'steadfast, self-possessed, resolute person'}, {'term': 'nidrā', 'definition': 'sleep

• here, a hindrance to yogic vigilance'}, {'term': 'uccheda', 'definition': 'cutting off, eradication, complete removal'}, {'term': 'vidvān', 'definition': 'the wise one

• a discerning practitioner'}, {'term': 'yoga', 'definition': 'discipline of inner integration

• meditative and ethical practice'}, {'term': 'kāma', 'definition': 'desire, craving, sense-driven impulse'}, {'term': 'krodha', 'definition': 'anger

• reactive heat of mind'}, {'term': 'lobha', 'definition': 'greed

• grasping and insatiability'}, {'term': 'bhaya', 'definition': 'fear

• anxiety that destabilizes discernment'}, {'term': 'svapna', 'definition': 'dreaming

• mental projection that disturbs wakeful clarity'}, {'term': 'śama', 'definition': 'calmness, tranquility

• mind-restraint (manonigraha)'}, {'term': 'manonigraha', 'definition': 'control/discipline of the mind'}, {'term': 'saṅkalpa-tyāga', 'definition': 'abandoning (compulsive) resolve/intentions that feed desire

• renunciation of craving-driven volition'}, {'term': 'sattva-guṇa', 'definition': 'the guṇa of clarity and harmony

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A yogic aspirant should uproot five inner faults—desire, anger, greed, fear, and dreaming—and cultivate sattva. Anger is mastered through śama (calm mind-restraint), desire through saṅkalpa-tyāga (renouncing craving-driven resolve), leading to wakeful clarity that overcomes sleep as an obstacle.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Śānti Parva’s instruction-setting, Vyāsa delivers a didactic teaching on inner discipline. He lists specific psychological impediments to yoga and prescribes concrete counter-practices—mind-restraint and renunciation of desire-intent—framed within the broader ethical program of self-mastery.