Shloka 46

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

Devanagari script

नित्यं दानं तथा दाक्ष्यमार्जवं चैव नित्यदा । उत्साहो5थानहंकार: परमं सौहृदं क्षमा,प्रभो! नित्य दान, चतुरता, सरलता, उत्साह, अहंकारशून्यता, परम सौहार्द, क्षमा, सत्य, दान, तप, शौच, करुणा, कोमल वचन, मित्रोंसे द्रोह न करनेका भाव--ये सभी सदगुण उनमें सदा मौजूद रहते थे

Transliteration

śakra uvāca | nityaṁ dānaṁ tathā dākṣyam ārjavaṁ caiva nityadā | utsāho ’thānahaṅkāraḥ paramaṁ sauhṛdaṁ kṣamā prabho ||

Translation

شکر نے کہا—اے پروردگار! ان میں ہمیشہ سخاوت، عملی مہارت اور اٹل راست گوئی؛ اسی طرح ثابت قدم جوش، بے اَنا ہونا، اعلیٰ ترین دوستی اور بردباری—یہ اوصاف ہمیشہ موجود رہتے تھے۔

Word by Word

• {'śakraḥ': 'Indra, lord of the gods', 'uvāca': 'said', 'nityam / nityadā': 'always, continually', 'dānam': 'giving, charity, generosity', 'tathā': 'and also, likewise', 'dākṣyam': 'skill, competence, practical efficiency', 'ārjavam': 'straightforwardness, honesty, simplicity', 'ca eva': 'and indeed', 'utsāhaḥ': 'energy, zeal, initiative', 'atha': 'then/also (connecting particle)', 'anahaṅkāraḥ': 'absence of ego

• humility (lit. ‘without I-making’)', 'paramam': 'supreme, highest', 'sauhṛdam': 'friendliness, goodwill, cordiality', 'kṣamā': 'forbearance, patience, forgiveness', 'prabho': 'O lord, O master (vocative)'}

Speaker

शक्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• Prabhu (addressed lord; addressee not named in this verse)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse presents a compact catalogue of dharmic virtues—generosity, competence, straightforwardness, energetic effort, humility, goodwill, and forgiveness—implying that true excellence is sustained character, not occasional acts.

What is happening in the narrative?

Indra (Śakra) speaks in praise, listing the enduring qualities found in the person(s) under discussion, framing them as exemplary models of righteous conduct within the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva.