Shloka 40
Adhyāya 199: Karma–Jñāna Causality and the Nirguṇa Brahman
Manu’s Instruction
Devanagari script
ब्राह्मण उवाच द्विविधा ब्राह्मणा राजन धर्मश्न द्विविध: स्मृतः । प्रवृत्ताश्न निवृत्ताश्न निवृत्तो5हं प्रतिग्रहात्
Translation
برہمن نے کہا—“اے راجن! برہمن دو قسم کے ہوتے ہیں اور دھرم بھی دو ہی قسم کا مانا گیا ہے—پروِرتّی اور نِورتّی۔ میں پرتِگرہ (دان قبول کرنے) سے نِورتّ برہمن ہوں۔”
Word by Word
ब्राह्मणःthe Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
द्विविधाःof two kinds
द्विविधाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्विविध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
धर्मःdharma
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
द्विविधःtwofold
द्विविधः:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्विविध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्मृतःis considered/remembered
स्मृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past passive participle)
प्रवृत्तिःengagement (worldly activity)
प्रवृत्तिः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
निवृत्तिःwithdrawal (renunciation)
निवृत्तिः:
TypeNoun
Rootनिवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
निवृत्तःwithdrawn/refraining
निवृत्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-वृत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past active/participial usage)
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
प्रतिग्रहात्from accepting gifts
प्रतिग्रहात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिग्रह
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
Speaker
ब्राह्मण उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes