Shloka 25

त्वंकारं नामधेयं च ज्येष्ठानां परिवर्जयेत्‌ । अवराणां समानानामुभयेषां न दुष्यति,अपनेसे बड़ोंका नाम लेकर या तू कहकर न पुकारे, जो अपनेसे छोटे या समवयस्क हों, उनके लिये वैसा करना दोषकी बात नहीं है

tvaṃkāraṃ nāmadheyaṃ ca jyeṣṭhānāṃ parivarjayet | avarāṇāṃ samānānām ubhayeṣāṃ na duṣyati ||

بھیشم نے کہا—بزرگوں کو نہ تو نام لے کر پکارے اور نہ بےتکلف ‘تم/تو’ (تْوَم) کہہ کر مخاطب کرے۔ البتہ جو عمر میں چھوٹے ہوں یا ہم عمر ہوں، ان کے لیے ایسا کہنا دونوں طرف سے عیب نہیں سمجھا جاتا۔ یہ تعلیم معاشرتی برتاؤ میں باادب گفتگو کو دھرم کی عملی صورت قرار دیتی ہے۔

त्वंकारम्the address ‘thou’ (familiar ‘you’)
त्वंकारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्वंकार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नामधेयम्name (proper name)
नामधेयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनामधेय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ज्येष्ठानाम्of elders/seniors
ज्येष्ठानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootज्येष्ठ
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
परिवर्जयेत्should avoid
परिवर्जयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि√वृज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अवराणाम्of juniors/younger ones
अवराणाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअवर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
समानानाम्of equals/peers
समानानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसमान
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
उभयेषाम्of both (groups)
उभयेषाम्:
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootउभय
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दुष्यतिis faulty / incurs blame
दुष्यति:
TypeVerb
Root√दुष्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Respectful speech is part of dharma: do not address elders by name or with overly familiar ‘tvaṃ’; with juniors or equals, such address is not inherently blameworthy.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Bhīṣma lays down a rule of etiquette and moral discipline regarding how one should speak to elders, equals, and juniors.