Shloka 8

भूगुरुवाच पूर्वमेव भगवता ब्रह्मणा लोकहितमनुतिष्ठता धर्मसंरक्षणार्थमाश्रमाश्ष॒त्वारो भिनिर्दिष्ट: | तत्र गुरुकुलवासमेव प्रथममाश्रममुदाहरन्ति । सम्यग्‌ यत्र शौचसंस्कारनियमव्रतविनियतात्मा उभे संध्ये भास्कराग्निदैवतान्युपस्थाय विहाय तन्द्रयालस्ये गुरोरभिवादनवेदा भ्यासश्रवणपवित्रीकृतान्तरात्मा त्रिषवणमुपस्पृश्य ब्रह्मचर्याग्निपरिचरणगुरुशुश्रूषानि-त्यभि क्षा भैक्ष्यादि सर्वनिवेदितान्तरात्मा गुरुवचननि-र्देशानुष्ठानाप्रतिकूलो गुरुप्रसादलब्धस्वाध्यायतत्पर: स्थात्‌,भगुजीने कहा--मुने! जगत्‌का कल्याण करनेवाले भगवान्‌ ब्रह्माने पूर्वकालमें ही धर्मकी रक्षाके लिये चार आश्रमोंका निर्देश किया था। उनमेंसे ब्रह्मचर्यपालनपूर्वक गुरुकुलवासको ही पहला आश्रम कहते हैं। उसमें रहनेवाले ब्रह्मचारीको बाहर-भीतरकी शुद्धि, वैदिक संस्कार तथा व्रत-नियमोंका पालन करते हुए अपने मनको वशमें रखना चाहिये। सुबह और शाम दोनों संध्याओंके समय संध्योपासना, सूर्योपस्थान और अन्निहोत्रके द्वारा अग्निदेवकी आराधना करनी चाहिये। तन्द्रा और आलस्यको त्यागकर प्रतिदिन गुरुको प्रणाम करे और वेदोंके अभ्यास तथा श्रवणसे अपनी अन्तरात्माको पवित्र करे। सबेरे, शाम और दोपहर तीनों समय स्नान करे। ब्रह्मचर्यका पालन, अग्निकी उपासना और गुरुकी सेवा करे। प्रतिदिन भिक्षा माँगकर लाये। भिक्षामें जो कुछ प्राप्त हो, वह सब गुरुको अर्पण कर दे। अपनी अनन्‍्तरात्माको भी गुरुके चरणोंमें निछावर कर दे। गुरुजी जो कुछ कहें जिसके लिये संकेत करें और जिस कार्यके निमित्त स्पष्ट शब्दोंमें आज्ञा दें, उसके विपरीत आचरण न करे। गुरुके कृपाप्रसादसे मिले हुए स्वाध्यायमें तत्पर होवे

bhṛgur uvāca pūrvam eva bhagavatā brahmaṇā lokahitamanutiṣṭhatā dharma-saṁrakṣaṇārtham āśramāś catvāro vinirdiṣṭāḥ | tatra gurukula-vāsam eva prathamam āśramam udāharanti | samyag yatra śauca-saṁskāra-niyama-vrata-viniyatātmā ubhe sandhye bhāskarāgni-daivatāny upasthāya vihāya tandrā-ālasy e guroḥ abhivādana-veda-abhyāsa-śravaṇa-pavitrīkṛtāntarātmā triṣavaṇam upaspṛśya brahmacarya-agni-paricaraṇa-guru-śuśrūṣā-nitya-bhikṣā-bhaikṣyādi sarva-niveditāntarātmā guru-vacana-nirdeśānuṣṭhāna-apratikūlo guru-prasāda-labdha-svādhyāya-tatparaḥ syāt |

Bhṛgu said: Long ago, when the blessed Brahmā was engaged in promoting the welfare of the world, he laid down—so that dharma might be protected—the four āśramas (stages of disciplined life). Among them, they declare the first āśrama to be life in the teacher’s household, i.e., brahmacarya in the gurukula. There, the student should keep the mind under control, observing inner and outer purity, Vedic sacraments, and the prescribed vows and restraints. At both twilights, morning and evening, he should perform the proper acts of reverence—worship at the sandhyā, salutations to the Sun, and service to the sacred fire. Casting off drowsiness and laziness, he should daily bow to the teacher, and by study and hearing of the Veda make his inner self pure. He should perform the thrice-daily ablutions, maintain celibacy, tend the fire, and serve the teacher. He should go out for alms each day, and whatever is obtained should be offered entirely to the guru—indeed, he should surrender his whole inner being at the teacher’s feet. He must not act contrary to the teacher’s words, indications, or explicit commands, and he should devote himself to the self-study granted through the guru’s gracious favor.

भृगुःBhṛgu (the sage)
भृगुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभृगु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
पूर्वम्formerly, earlier
पूर्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
भगवताby the Blessed one
भगवता:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
ब्रह्मणाby Brahmā
ब्रह्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
लोकहितम्welfare of the world
लोकहितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोकहित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अनुतिष्ठताwhile carrying out
अनुतिष्ठता:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-स्था
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Instrumental, Singular
धर्मसंरक्षणार्थम्for the purpose of protecting dharma
धर्मसंरक्षणार्थम्:
Prayojana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मसंरक्षणार्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आश्रमाःāśramas (stages of life)
आश्रमाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चत्वारःfour
चत्वारः:
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भिः(corrupt/uncertain reading; likely part of sandhi for 'चत्वारोऽभि-')
भिः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभि
निर्दिष्टाःwere prescribed/indicated
निर्दिष्टाः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√दिश्
FormPast passive participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
तत्रtherein, among them
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
गुरुकुलवासम्dwelling in the teacher's household
गुरुकुलवासम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुरुकुलवास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवalone/indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
प्रथमम्first
प्रथमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आश्रमम्āśrama (stage of life)
आश्रमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उदाहरन्तिthey call/declare
उदाहरन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-आ-√हृ
FormPresent, 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
सम्यक्properly
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
शौचसंस्कारनियमव्रतविनियतात्माone whose self is disciplined by purity, sacraments, rules and vows
शौचसंस्कारनियमव्रतविनियतात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशौचसंस्कारनियमव्रतविनियतात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उभेboth
उभे:
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormFeminine, Accusative, Dual
संध्येtwilights (morning and evening)
संध्ये:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंध्या
FormFeminine, Accusative, Dual
भास्कराग्निदैवतानिthe deities Sun and Fire
भास्कराग्निदैवतानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभास्कराग्निदैवत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
उपस्थायhaving worshipped/attended
उपस्थाय:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-√स्था
FormAbsolutive (gerund), Active
विहायhaving abandoned
विहाय:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-√हा
FormAbsolutive (gerund), Active
तन्द्रयाsleepiness
तन्द्रया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतन्द्रा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
आलस्येin laziness
आलस्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआलस्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
गुरोःof the teacher
गुरोः:
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अभिवादनsalutation
अभिवादन:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअभिवादन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वेदाभ्यासश्रवणपवित्रीकृतान्तरात्माone whose inner self is purified by Vedic practice and hearing
वेदाभ्यासश्रवणपवित्रीकृतान्तरात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेदाभ्यासश्रवणपवित्रीकृतान्तरात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्रिषवणम्three-times-a-day (rite/bath)
त्रिषवणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिषवण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उपस्पृश्यhaving performed ācamana/ablution
उपस्पृश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-√स्पृश्
FormAbsolutive (gerund), Active
ब्रह्मचर्यcelibate studentship
ब्रह्मचर्य:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मचर्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अग्निपरिचरणservice/attendance on the sacred fire
अग्निपरिचरण:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअग्निपरिचरण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
गुरुशुश्रूषाservice to the teacher
गुरुशुश्रूषा:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुरुशुश्रूषा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
नित्यalways/daily
नित्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
भिक्षाalms
भिक्षा:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभिक्षा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
भैक्ष्यादिalms and the like
भैक्ष्यादि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभैक्ष्यादि
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सर्वall
सर्व:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
निवेदितान्तरात्माone who has offered his inner self (in dedication)
निवेदितान्तरात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिवेदितान्तरात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुरुवचननिर्देशानुष्ठानin carrying out the teacher's words and instructions
गुरुवचननिर्देशानुष्ठान:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगुरुवचननिर्देशानुष्ठान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अप्रतिकूलःnot contrary (obedient)
अप्रतिकूलः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रतिकूल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुरुप्रसादलब्धस्वाध्यायतत्परःdevoted to study obtained through the teacher's grace
गुरुप्रसादलब्धस्वाध्यायतत्परः:
TypeAdjective
Rootगुरुप्रसादलब्धस्वाध्यायतत्पर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

भरद्वाज उवाच

B
Bhṛgu
B
Brahmā
G
guru (ācārya)
V
Veda
S
Sūrya (Bhāskara)
A
Agni (sacred fire)

Educational Q&A

The verse defines brahmacarya in the gurukula as the first āśrama and outlines its ethical discipline: purity, self-control, regular twilight worship and fire-service, diligent Vedic study, thrice-daily cleansing, celibacy, humble alms-collection, complete offering to the guru, and unwavering obedience—culminating in svādhyāya sustained by the guru’s grace.

In a didactic passage of Śānti Parva, Bhṛgu explains an ancient ordinance attributed to Brahmā: the establishment of the four āśramas for protecting dharma. He then focuses on the first stage—student life in the teacher’s household—detailing the daily regimen and the student’s relationship of service and submission to the guru.