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Shloka 12

Adhyāya 189: Japa—Inquiry into the Jāpaka, Method

Vidhi), and Fruit (Phala

गोभ्यो वृत्ति समास्थाय पीता: कृष्युपजीविन: । स्वधर्मान्‌ नानुतिष्ठन्ति ते द्विजा वैश्यतां गता:,जिन्होंने गौओंसे तथा कृषिकर्मके द्वारा जीविका चलानेकी वृत्ति अपना ली और उसीके कारण जिनके रंग पीले पड़ गये तथा जो ब्राह्मणोचित धर्मको छोड़ बैठे, वे ही ब्राह्मण वैश्यभावको प्राप्त हुए

gobhyo vṛttiṃ samāsthāya pītāḥ kṛṣyupajīvinaḥ | svadharmān nānutiṣṭhanti te dvijā vaiśyatāṃ gatāḥ ||

بھاردواج نے کہا— جو دْوِج گایوں اور کھیتی باڑی سے روزی اختیار کرنے لگے، جس کے سبب ان کا رنگ زرد پڑ گیا، اور جو اپنے سْوَدھرم کا اہتمام نہ کرتے رہے— وہی برہمن درحقیقت ویشیہ کی حالت کو پہنچ گئے۔

गोभ्यःto/for the cows
गोभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Dative, Plural
वृत्तिम्livelihood; means of subsistence
वृत्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
समास्थायhaving adopted/taken up
समास्थाय:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-स्था (स्था)
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
पीताःyellowed; pale
पीताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपीत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कृषि-उपजीविनःthose living by agriculture
कृषि-उपजीविनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृषि + उपजीविन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्वधर्मान्their own (brahminical) duties
स्वधर्मान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनुतिष्ठन्तिthey do not practice/observe
अनुतिष्ठन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-स्था (स्था)
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
तेthose; they
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
द्विजाःtwice-born (brahmins)
द्विजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वैश्यताम्the state of being a vaiśya
वैश्यताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्यता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गताःgone to; having attained
गताः:
TypeVerb
Rootगत
FormPast passive participle (kta), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै

भरद्वाज उवाच

B
Bharadvāja
D
dvija (twice-born)
V
Vaiśya
C
cows (go)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that varṇa-identity is tied to the performance of one’s prescribed dharma and customary livelihood: when a Brahmin abandons Brahminical duties and lives by cattle-rearing and agriculture, he is described as having entered the condition of a Vaiśya.

Bharadvāja is explaining a principle of social-ethical classification within the Śānti Parva’s discussions: he cites how certain twice-born, by adopting pastoral/agricultural livelihood and neglecting their own dharma, came to be regarded as Vaiśyas.