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Shloka 13

जनक-राज्ञः मौण्ड्य-परिव्रज्या-विवादः

Janaka’s Renunciation Questioned; Discourse on Dāna and Detachment

'पृथ्वीनाथ! आप सम्पूर्ण देवताओं, अतिथियों और पितरोंसे परित्यक्त होकर अकर्मण्य हो घर छोड़ रहे हैं ।। यस्त्वं त्रैविद्यवृद्धानां ब्राह्मणानां सहस्रश: । भर्ता भूत्वा च लोकस्य सोड्द्य तैर्भतिमिच्छसि,अमी च धर्मकामास्त्यां क्षत्रिया: पर्युपासते । त्वदाशामभिकांक्षन्त: कृपणा: फलहेतुका: 'ये धर्मकी इच्छा रखनेवाले क्षत्रिय जो सदा आपकी सेवामें बैठे रहते हैं, आपसे बड़ी- बड़ी आशाएँ रखते हैं, इन बेचारोंको सेवाका फल चाहिये

pṛthvīnātha! āpa sampūrṇa devatāoṃ, atithiyoṃ aura pitṛoṃ se parityakta hokara akarmaṇya ho ghara choṛa rahe haiṃ. yastvaṃ traividyavṛddhānāṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ sahasraśaḥ bhartā bhūtvā ca lokasya soḍḍhya tair bhatim icchasi, amī ca dharmakāmāstyāṃ kṣatriyāḥ paryupāsate tvadāśām abhikāṅkṣantaḥ kṛpaṇāḥ phalahetukāḥ.

ارجن نے کہا—اے زمین کے ناتھ! تم گویا دیوتاؤں، مہمانوں اور پِتروں کے چھوڑے ہوئے بن کر بےعمل ہو کر گھر ترک کر رہے ہو۔ تم جو تری وید کے عالم بزرگ برہمنوں کے ہزاروں کے کفیل رہے اور رعایا کے محافظ بن کر اس کا بوجھ اٹھاتے رہے، آج انہی سے اپنا نانِ شبینہ چاہتے ہو۔ اور یہ دھرم کے خواہاں کشتریہ ہمیشہ تمہاری خدمت میں حاضر رہتے ہیں؛ تم سے بڑی امیدیں باندھے یہ بےچارے خادم اپنی خدمت کے جائز پھل کے طالب ہیں۔

पृथ्वी-नाथO lord of the earth (king)
पृथ्वी-नाथ:
TypeNoun
Rootपृथ्वी + नाथ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
त्रै-विद्य-वृद्धानाम्of those advanced in the three Vedas
त्रै-विद्य-वृद्धानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रैविद्य + वृद्ध
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
ब्राह्मणानाम्of Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सहस्रशःby thousands; in thousands
सहस्रशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहस्रशस्
Formtrue
भर्ताprotector; supporter
भर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभर्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा), Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formtrue
लोकस्यof the people/world
लोकस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
सःthat (you); he
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उद्यhaving gone forth; having set out
उद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउद् + या
FormAbsolutive (ल्यप्), Parasmaipada
तैःby them
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
भृतिम्maintenance; support; wages
भृतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभृति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
इच्छसिyou desire
इच्छसि:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, Indicative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
अमीthese (those here)
अमी:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअदस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formtrue
धर्म-कामाःdesirous of dharma
धर्म-कामाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्म + काम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इमाम्this (one)
इमाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
क्षत्रियाःKshatriyas
क्षत्रियाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पर्युपासतेattend upon; sit in service around
पर्युपासते:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + उप + आस्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
त्वत्-आशाम्hope in you; expectation from you
त्वत्-आशाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्वद् + आशा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अभिकाङ्क्षन्तःdesiring; longing for
अभिकाङ्क्षन्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि + काङ्क्ष्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
कृपणाःpoor; pitiable
कृपणाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकृपण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
फल-हेतुकाःmotivated by reward; having fruit as motive
फल-हेतुकाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootफल + हेतु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
K
king (pṛthvīnātha)
D
devas (devatāḥ)
G
guests (atithayaḥ)
A
ancestors (pitaraḥ)
B
Brahmins learned in the three Vedas (traividyavṛddhā brāhmaṇāḥ)
K
Kshatriyas (kṣatriyāḥ)
T
the people/world (lokaḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse stresses rajadharma: a ruler’s moral identity is defined by sustaining social and sacred obligations—supporting Vedic learning, honoring guests, maintaining ancestral rites, and protecting dependents. Renunciation that abandons these responsibilities is portrayed as ethically problematic, because it harms those who rely on the king’s patronage and protection.

Arjuna addresses a king who is attempting to leave home and become inactive. He argues that such withdrawal amounts to forsaking gods, guests, and ancestors, and betrays the expectations of Brahmins and Kshatriyas who attend upon the king seeking rightful support and the fruits of service.