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Shloka 1

नृशंस-लक्षणनिर्णयः | Determining the Marks of Cruel Conduct

Nṛśaṃsa

नप्मआा यम () अआजअत+- सप्तपञ्चाशर्दाधिकशततमोब ध्याय: सेमलका हार स्वीकार करना तथा बलवानके साथ वैर न करनेका उपदेश भीष्म उवाच ततो निश्चित्य मनसा शाल्मलि: क्षुभितस्तदा । शाखा: स्कन्धान्‌ प्रशाखाश्न स्वयमेव व्यशातयत्‌

Bhīṣma uvāca: tato niścitya manasā śālmalī kṣubhitas tadā | śākhāḥ skandhān praśākhāś ca svayam eva vyaśātayat ||

بھیشم نے کہا—اے راجن! پھر دل میں پختہ ارادہ کر کے شالمَلی درخت بے چین ہو اٹھا؛ اور اسی لمحے اس نے اپنی شاخیں، موٹی ڈالیاں اور ذیلی شاخیں خود ہی گرا دیں۔

ततःthen/from there
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
निश्चित्यhaving ascertained/decided
निश्चित्य:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√चि
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
मनसाwith the mind
मनसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
शाल्मलिःthe śālmali tree (silk-cotton tree)
शाल्मलिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशाल्मलि
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
क्षुभितःagitated/disturbed
क्षुभितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षुभित
Formmasculine, nominative, singular, क्त (past passive participle)
तदाat that time
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
शाखाःbranches
शाखाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशाखा
Formfeminine, accusative, plural
स्कन्धान्boughs/trunks (main limbs)
स्कन्धान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्कन्ध
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
प्रशाखाःsub-branches
प्रशाखाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रशाखा
Formfeminine, accusative, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्वयम्by oneself
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
एवindeed/itself
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
व्यशातयत्caused to fall/cut down/dropped
व्यशातयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-√शात् (शातयति)
Formलङ् (imperfect), past, 3rd, singular, parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śālmalī (silk-cotton tree)

Educational Q&A

The passage supports a practical dharmic lesson: one should act with foresight and self-restraint, and avoid provoking conflict—especially with those who are stronger—choosing de-escalation over prideful confrontation.

Bhishma narrates that the śālmalī tree, after deciding internally, becomes agitated and makes its own branches and offshoots fall—an image of deliberate self-limitation to avert greater harm in a situation of danger.