Shloka 79

Dama-pradhāna-dharma (Self-restraint as the Root of Dharma) — Śānti-parva 154

Devanagari script

अप्रियं परुषं चापि परद्रोहं परस्त्रियम्‌

Transliteration

apriyaṁ paruṣaṁ cāpi paradrohaṁ parastriyam

Translation

جمبوک نے کہا—ناپسندیدہ بات، سخت کلامی، دوسروں سے غداری، اور پرائی عورت—ان سب سے پرہیز کرو۔

Word by Word

• अप्रियम्: unpleasant, disagreeable
• अप्रियम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अप्रिय
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• परुषम्: harsh, rough
• परुषम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परुष
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also, even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• परद्रोहम्: treachery toward another; harming others
• परद्रोहम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: परद्रोह
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• परस्त्रियम्: another's wife
• परस्त्रियम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: परस्त्री
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

जम्बुक उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Jambuka

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse lists key ethical restraints: avoid speech and actions that are unpleasant or harsh, do not betray or harm others, and do not engage in relations with another man’s wife—principles supporting social trust, self-control, and dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva, Jambuka speaks in a moral-instruction mode, enumerating behaviors to be rejected as part of righteous conduct.