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Shloka 31

Daṇḍa as the Foundation of Social Order (दण्डप्रतिष्ठा)

सत्यं चेदं ब्रह्मणा पूर्वमुक्तं दण्ड: प्रजा रक्षति साधु नीत: । पश्याग्नयश्ष प्रतिशाम्य भीता: संतर्जिता दण्डभयाज्ज्वलन्ति

arjuna uvāca | satyaṁ cedaṁ brahmaṇā pūrvam uktaṁ daṇḍaḥ prajā rakṣati sādhu nītaḥ | paśyāgnayaś ca pratiśāmyamānā bhītāḥ santarjitā daṇḍa-bhayāj jvalanti ||

یہ بات سچ ہے جسے برہما نے بہت پہلے فرمایا تھا کہ سزا—جب درست طور پر نافذ کی جائے—رعایا کی حفاظت کرتی ہے۔ دیکھو، آگ جب بجھنے لگتی ہے تو اسے چھیڑ کر ڈانٹا جائے تو وہ خوف زدہ ہو کر لاٹھی کے ڈر سے پھر بھڑک اٹھتی ہے۔

सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
चेत्indeed/if (emphatic particle)
चेत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ब्रह्मणाby Brahmā
ब्रह्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
पूर्वम्formerly/earlier
पूर्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
उक्तम्said/uttered
उक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त, Passive (PPP), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
दण्डःpunishment/rod (authority)
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजाःsubjects/people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
रक्षतिprotects
रक्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
साधुwell/properly
साधु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाधु
नीतःapplied/used (properly led)
नीतः:
TypeVerb
Rootनी
Formक्त, Passive (PPP), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
पश्यsee/behold
पश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
अग्नयःfires
अग्नयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रतिशाम्यhaving subsided/being about to go out
प्रतिशाम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootशम् (शाम्यति)
Formल्यप् (क्त्वा-प्रत्ययः), absolutive (gerund)
भीताःfrightened
भीताः:
TypeVerb
Rootभी
Formक्त, PPP (adjectival), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
संतर्जिताःthreatened/terrified
संतर्जिताः:
TypeVerb
Rootतर्ज् (सम्-तर्ज्)
Formक्त, PPP (adjectival), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
दण्डभयात्from fear of punishment
दण्डभयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड-भय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
ज्वलन्तिblaze/burn
ज्वलन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootज्वल्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
B
Brahmā
D
daṇḍa (punishment/rod)
A
agni (fire)

Educational Q&A

Properly administered daṇḍa (punishment/discipline) is not mere cruelty but a protective instrument of dharma: it restrains wrongdoing and thereby safeguards the community.

Arjuna supports the doctrine of governance by citing Brahmā’s earlier statement and illustrates it with a vivid simile: like a fading fire that flares up when stirred and threatened, people (or social order) respond to the presence of enforceable punishment.