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Shloka 21

Daṇḍa as the Foundation of Social Order (दण्डप्रतिष्ठा)

नकुलो मूषिकानत्ति बिडालो नकुलं तथा | बिडालमत्ति श्वा राजन्‌ श्वानं व्यालमृगस्तथा,राजन! नेवला चूहेको खा जाता है और नेवलेको बिलाव। बिलावको कुत्ता और कुत्तेको चीता चबा जाता है

nakulo mūṣikān atti biḍālo nakulaṃ tathā | biḍālam atti śvā rājan śvānaṃ vyāla-mṛgas tathā ||

ارجن نے کہا—اے راجن! نیولا چوہوں کو کھا جاتا ہے، اور اسی طرح بلی نیولے کو کھا جاتی ہے۔ بلی کو کتا کھا جاتا ہے، اور کتے کو بھی اسی طرح کوئی ہولناک درندۂ شکار (ویالمِرگ) مغلوب کر لیتا ہے۔

नकुलःmongoose
नकुलः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनकुल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मूषिकान्mice/rats
मूषिकान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमूषिक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अत्तिeats/devours
अत्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
बिडालःcat
बिडालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबिडाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नकुलम्mongoose
नकुलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनकुल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
बिडालम्cat
बिडालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबिडाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अत्तिeats/devours
अत्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
श्वाdog
श्वा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्वन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
श्वानम्dog
श्वानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्वन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
व्यालमृगःa fierce beast (lit. predator-beast)
व्यालमृगः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यालमृग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
K
King (rājan)
M
mongoose (nakula)
M
mouse (mūṣika)
C
cat (biḍāla)
D
dog (śvā)
W
wild predator (vyāla-mṛga)

Educational Q&A

The verse illustrates a natural and social reality: dominance is temporary, and every power has a stronger counter-power. Ethically, it cautions against arrogance and urges humility and vigilance, since worldly security is unstable.

Arjuna addresses a king and uses a vivid animal sequence—mouse, mongoose, cat, dog, and a fierce predator—to make a point through analogy: in the world, beings prey upon one another, and positions of strength can quickly reverse.