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Shloka 13

Daṇḍa as the Foundation of Social Order (दण्डप्रतिष्ठा)

नाभीतो यजते राजन्‌ नाभीतो दातुमिच्छति । नाभीत: पुरुष: कश्चित्‌ समये स्थातुमिच्छति,राजन! बिना भयके कोई यज्ञ नहीं करता है, बिना भयके कोई दान नहीं करना चाहता है, और दण्डका भय न हो तो कोई पुरुष मर्यादा या प्रतिज्ञाके पालनपर भी स्थिर नहीं रहना चाहता है

nābhīto yajate rājan nābhīto dātum icchati | nābhītaḥ puruṣaḥ kaścit samaye sthātum icchati rājan ||

اے راجن! خوف کے بغیر کوئی یَجْن نہیں کرتا، خوف کے بغیر کوئی دان دینے کی خواہش نہیں رکھتا؛ اور اگر دَण्ड کا خوف نہ ہو تو کوئی مرد وقتِ مناسب پر حدود، فرائض یا عہد و پیمان کی پابندی میں بھی ثابت قدم رہنا نہیں چاہتا۔

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभीतःone who is not afraid / fearless
अभीतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभीत (भी + क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यजतेperforms sacrifice
यजते:
TypeVerb
Rootयज्
FormPresent (Lat), Atmanepada, Third, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभीतःone who is not afraid / fearless
अभीतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभीत (भी + क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दातुम्to give
दातुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormInfinitive (Tumun)
इच्छतिdesires
इच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent (Lat), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभीतःone who is not afraid / fearless
अभीतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभीत (भी + क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःa man/person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कश्चित्anyone / someone
कश्चित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootक (कश्) + चित्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समयेin/at the agreement; at the proper time/occasion
समये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
स्थातुम्to stand; to remain; to abide
स्थातुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormInfinitive (Tumun)
इच्छतिdesires
इच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent (Lat), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
K
King (addressed as rājan)

Educational Q&A

The verse argues that social and religious duties often depend on the restraining force of fear—especially fear of punishment (daṇḍa). It presents coercive authority as a practical support for dharma: without it, people tend to neglect sacrifice, charity, and adherence to agreed norms or vows.

Arjuna addresses a king and makes a political-ethical point within the Shanti Parva’s discussions on governance and dharma: he emphasizes the necessity of deterrence and enforcement to keep people aligned with duty and social order.