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Shloka 19

Dasyu-maryādā and Buddhi-guided Rāja-nīti (दस्युमर्यादा तथा बुद्धिप्रधान-राजनीति)

सहसंजातवृद्धस्य तथैव सहभोजिन: । शरणागतस्य च वधस्त्रिविधं होव पातकम्‌,“जो साथ ही पैदा हुआ और साथ ही पाला-पोसा गया हो, साथ ही भोजन करता हो और शरणमें आकर रहता हो, ऐसे व्यक्तिका वध करनेसे उपर्युक्त तीन प्रकारका पातक लगता है”

saha-saṃjāta-vṛddhasya tathaiva saha-bhojinaḥ | śaraṇāgatasya ca vadhas trividhaṃ hova pātakam ||

بھیشم نے کہا—جو تمہارے ساتھ پیدا ہوا اور ساتھ ہی پرورش پایا ہو، جو تمہارے ساتھ کھانا بانٹتا ہو، اور جو پناہ لے کر آیا ہو—ایسے شخص کا قتل تین گنا گناہ قرار دیا گیا ہے۔

सहtogether/with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
संजातborn (having been born)
संजात:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-√जन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वृद्धस्यof one who has been brought up/raised
वृद्धस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तथाso/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सहtogether/with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
भोजिनःof one who eats (with someone); table-companion
भोजिनः:
TypeNoun
Rootभोजिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
शरणrefuge
शरण:
TypeNoun
Rootशरण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आगतस्यof one who has come (to)
आगतस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-√गम्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वधःkilling/slaying
वधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्रिविधम्threefold
त्रिविधम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रिविध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
होindeed (emphatic particle)
हो:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहो
वैindeed/truly
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
पातकम्sin/offence
पातकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपातक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that killing a person bound to you by intimate social and moral ties—shared birth/upbringing, shared food, and especially refuge—constitutes a compounded (threefold) moral transgression, because it breaks multiple layers of dharma: loyalty, hospitality, and the duty to protect the surrendered.

In the Shanti Parva’s dharma-instruction, Bhishma is laying down ethical rules for conduct. Here he specifies a grave prohibition: the slaying of a close associate and a refuge-seeker is not a single fault but a triple pātaka, emphasizing the heightened culpability when trust and protection are violated.