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Shloka 1

Āśā-prabhava (आशाप्रभव) — On the Rise and Power of Hope/Expectation

Sumitra Itihāsa Begins

ऑपन-माजल छा जि: चतुर्विशर्त्याधेकशततमो< ध्याय: इन्द्र हि अप प्रह्नादकी कथा--शीलका प्रभाव

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | ime janā naraśreṣṭha praśaṃsanti sadā bhuvi | dharmasya śīlam evādau tato me saṃśayo mahān ||

یُدھِشٹھِر نے کہا—اے نر شریشٹھ پِتامہ! اس زمین پر لوگ ہمیشہ سب سے پہلے دھرم کی بنیاد کے طور پر شیل (نیک سیرتی) ہی کی تعریف کرتے ہیں؛ اسی لیے اس بارے میں میرے دل میں بڑا شک پیدا ہوا ہے۔

युधिष्ठिरःYudhishthira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
इमेthese
इमे:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नरश्रेष्ठO best of men
नरश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootनरश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रशंसन्तिpraise
प्रशंसन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-शंस्
FormPresent, 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
भुविon earth/in the world
भुवि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभू
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
धर्मस्यof dharma
धर्मस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
शीलम्conduct/character
शीलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशील
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
आदौat first/firstly
आदौ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआदि
ततःtherefore/then
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
मेmy/to me
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular, —
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महान्great
महान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

The verse frames śīla (good conduct/character) as the commonly acknowledged starting point of dharma, prompting a philosophical inquiry into why conduct is treated as dharma’s foundation.

Yudhiṣṭhira addresses an elder authority (“best of men”) and raises a doubt: since people praise conduct first when speaking of dharma, he seeks clarification about the true basis and hierarchy of virtues.