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Shloka 45

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

अथवाडूस्य युक्तस्य रथिनो हस्तियायिन: । अश्वारोहा: पदाताक्ष मन्त्रिणो रसदाश्ष ये,अथवा संयुक्त अंगके रथी, हाथीसवार, घुड़सवार, पैदल, मन्त्री, वैद्य, भिक्षुक, वकील, ज्योतिषी, दैवज्ञ, कोश, मित्र, धान्य तथा अन्य सब सामग्री, राज्यकी सात प्रकृतियाँ (स्वामी, अमात्य, सुहृद, कोश, राष्ट्र, दुर्ग और सेना) और उपर्युक्त आठ अंगोंसे युक्त बल-- इन सबको राज्यका शरीर माना गया है। इन सबमें दण्ड ही प्रधान अंग है, क्योंकि दण्ड ही सबकी उत्पत्तिका कारण है

athavā ḍūsya-yuktasya rathino hastiyāyinaḥ | aśvārohāḥ padātāś ca mantriṇo rasadāś ca ye ||

یا پھر بادشاہ کے مسلح دستے کے رتھی، ہاتھی سوار، گھڑ سوار اور پیادے؛ نیز وزیر اور رسد و سامان پہنچانے والے—یہ بھی ریاست کے اعضا میں شمار ہوتے ہیں۔

अथवाor else
अथवा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथवा
दूतस्यof the messenger
दूतस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootदूत
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
युक्तस्यof the equipped/appointed
युक्तस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootयुक्त
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
रथिनःof the charioteer/chariot-warrior
रथिनः:
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
हस्तियायिनःof the elephant-rider
हस्तियायिनः:
TypeNoun
Rootहस्तियायिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अश्वारोहाःhorse-riders
अश्वारोहाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वारोह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पदाताःfoot-soldiers
पदाताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपदात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मन्त्रिणःministers/counsellors
मन्त्रिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्रिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रसदाःproviders of supplies/rations
रसदाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरसद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
येwho/which (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
ratha (chariot)
H
hasti (war-elephant)
A
aśva (horse)
P
padāti (infantry)
M
mantrin (ministers/counsellors)
R
rasada (suppliers of provisions)

Educational Q&A

The verse contributes to the saptāṅga-style view of the kingdom as an organic body: military arms, ministers, and supply-providers are essential limbs of the state. The broader teaching in this passage emphasizes that effective governance depends on coordinated institutions, with daṇḍa (discipline/punishment) functioning as the central means to maintain order and protect dharma.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on rājadharma (the duties of kings). Here he enumerates components of the royal establishment—mounted and foot forces, advisers, and logistical support—framing them as parts of the state’s ‘body’ within a systematic lesson on how a kingdom is sustained.