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Shloka 20

Nīti-upadeśa to a Rājaputra: Self-restraint, Alliances, and Rival-Management (नीतिउपदेशः)

कोशक्षये त्वमित्राणां वशं कौसल्य गच्छति । उभयत्र प्रयुक्तस्य धर्मेणाधर्म एव च,कोसलराज! धर्म अथवा अधर्म या उन दोनोंमें ही प्रवृत्त रहनेवाले राजाका कोष निश्चय ही खाली हो जाता है। खजाना खाली होते ही राजा अपने शत्रुओंके वशमें आ जाता है

kośakṣaye tv amitrāṇāṁ vaśaṁ kauśalya gacchati | ubhayatra prayuktasya dharmeṇādharm eva ca |

اے کَوشلیہ (کوسل راجا)! جب خزانہ ختم ہو جاتا ہے تو بادشاہ لازماً دشمنوں کے قابو میں آ جاتا ہے۔ جو حکمران کبھی دھرم میں اور کبھی اَدھرم میں—دونوں طرف لگاتار الجھا رہتا ہے—اس کا مال یقینا گھٹتا جاتا ہے؛ اور جب صندوق خالی ہو جائیں تو اس کی خودمختاری ڈھے جاتی ہے۔

kośa-kṣayewhen the treasury is exhausted
kośa-kṣaye:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootkośa-kṣaya
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
tvamyou
tvam:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootyusmad
FormNominative, Singular
mitrāṇāmof friends/allies
mitrāṇām:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootmitra
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
vaśaminto the control/power
vaśam:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootvaśa
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
kausalyāO Kausalyā (address)
kausalyā:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootkausalyā
FormFeminine, Vocative, Singular
gacchatigoes/comes (falls into)
gacchati:
TypeVerb
Rootgam
FormPresent, Third, Singular
ubhayatrain both (cases/ways)
ubhayatra:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootubhayatra
prayuktasyaof one who is engaged/applied
prayuktasya:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootpra-yuj
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
dharmeṇaby/through dharma (righteousness)
dharmeṇa:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootdharma
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
adharmaḥunrighteousness/adharma
adharmaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootadharma
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
evaindeed/only
eva:
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
kosala-rājaO king of Kosala
kosala-rāja:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootkosala-rājan
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
Kaushalya (Kosala king addressed as Kauśalya)
K
Kosala (implied by the address)

Educational Q&A

A king’s strength rests on a well-maintained treasury; reckless conduct—whether justified as dharma or driven by adharma—can drain resources, and once the treasury is depleted the ruler loses autonomy and becomes subject to enemies.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma advises a Kosala ruler (addressed as Kauśalya) about practical governance: financial depletion leads directly to political vulnerability and enemy domination.