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Mahabharata — Shalya Parva, Shloka 8

Nakula’s Engagement with Citra-sena and Karṇa’s Sons; Śalya Re-stabilizes the Kaurava Host

इस प्रकार श्रीमह्याभारत शल्यपर्वमें व्यू-निर्माणविषयक आठवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ

nāgān rathavarāṁś ca vānye parivārya mahārathāḥ | sāntarāyodhināṁ jaghnuḥ dravamāṇaṁ mahāratham ||

سنجے نے کہا—پھر دوسرے مہارتھیوں نے بہت سے ہاتھیوں اور بہترین رتھیوں کو گھیر لیا؛ اور درمیان میں لڑنے والوں کی رکاوٹ چیرتے ہوئے بھاگتے ہوئے مہارتھی کو مار گرایا۔

नागान्elephants
नागान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
रथवरान्excellent chariot-warriors
रथवरान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथवर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परिवार्यhaving surrounded
परिवार्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-√वृ (वृणोति/वर्तते)
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada/Atmanepada (gerund, voice-neutral)
महारथाःgreat chariot-warriors
महारथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सान्तराwith an interval/with obstruction
सान्तरा:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootस-अन्तरा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
योधिनम्the fighter
योधिनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयोधिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जघ्नुःthey slew
जघ्नुः:
TypeVerb
Root√हन्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
द्रवमाणम्running away, fleeing
द्रवमाणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootद्रव (from √द्रु/√द्रव, to run/flow)
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
महारथम्a great chariot-warrior
महारथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
M
mahārathas (great warriors)
W
war-elephants
C
chariots/chariot-warriors

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the harsh logic of war: once the battle surges, even a great warrior who flees becomes vulnerable to encirclement and death. It invites reflection on kshatriya-dharma and how battlefield necessity can pressure or distort ideals of fair combat.

Sanjaya describes a tactical moment where other mahārathas surround war-elephants and elite chariot-fighters, then cut down a fleeing great warrior despite intervening fighters—showing coordinated pursuit and the collapse of safety in retreat.