Shloka 31

Devanagari script

स पपात रथोपस्थे तव पुत्रेण ताडित:

Transliteration

sa papāta rathopasthe tava putreṇa tāḍitaḥ

Translation

تیرے بیٹے کے وار سے زخمی ہو کر وہ رتھ کی نشست پر ڈھیر ہو گیا—جنگ کے جنون میں بہادری اور جان پل بھر میں الٹ جاتی ہے، اور اپنے ہی قرابت داروں کے اعمال میدانِ کارزار میں تقدیر کے فوری ہتھیار بن جاتے ہیں۔

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पपात: fell
• Type: Verb
• Root: पत्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• रथोपस्थे: on the chariot-seat/platform
• रथोपस्थे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथोपस्थ
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• तव: of you/your
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Genitive, Singular, Second

• पुत्रेण: by (your) son
• पुत्रेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• ताडितः: struck/assailed
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ताडित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त), from √ताड्

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'tava')
• tava putra (your son; unspecified here)
• ratha (chariot)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the fragility of life and status in war: a single blow can bring a warrior down, reminding the listener that violent action has immediate consequences and that kinship does not soften the mechanics of battlefield fate.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that a warrior (contextually identified in surrounding verses) is struck by Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s son and falls onto the chariot-seat, indicating a decisive hit and a sudden reversal in the combat scene.