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Shloka 8

Dhṛtarāṣṭra–Saṃjaya Saṃvāda: Anuśocana, Nimittāni, and Vidura’s Warning

अजुन उवाच न चैवोक्ता न चानुक्ता हीनतः परुषा गिर: | भारत प्रतिजल्पन्ति सदा तूत्तमपूरुषा:

arjuna uvāca na caivoktā na cānuktā hīnataḥ paruṣā giraḥ | bhārata pratijalpanti sadā tūttama-pūruṣāḥ ||

ارجن نے کہا—اے بھارت! کمینہ آدمی کڑوی بات کہے یا نہ کہے، اعلیٰ مرد کبھی حقیر جواب آرائی میں نہیں پڑتے؛ وہ تلخی کا جواب تلخی سے نہیں دیتے۔

अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
उक्ताspoken (said)
उक्ता:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formkta (past passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनुक्ताunspoken (not said)
अनुक्ता:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formkta (past passive participle) with neg. prefix an-, Feminine, Nominative, Singular
हीनतःfrom an inferior (person)/by an inferior
हीनतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहीन
Formtasil-avyaya (ablatival adverb)
परुषाःharsh
परुषाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरुष
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
गिरःwords/speech
गिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगिर्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रतिजल्पन्तिretort/answer back
प्रतिजल्पन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootजल्प्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada, प्रति-
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
उत्तमपुरुषाःexcellent men/noble persons
उत्तमपुरुषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउत्तमपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
B
Bhārata

Educational Q&A

Arjuna upholds restraint in speech: a noble person does not descend to exchanging harsh words with someone base; dignity is preserved through forbearance and self-control.

In the tense Sabha setting, Arjuna addresses a Kuru elder as “Bhārata” and counsels against responding to low, bitter talk with counter-insults, emphasizing the conduct expected of the noble amid provocation.