Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 13

सभा-पर्व, अध्याय 56: विदुरस्य द्यूत-निन्दा

Vidura’s Censure of Dicing and Warning to the Kurus

दुर्योधन उवाच द्यूते पुराणैर्व्यवहार: प्रणीत- स्तत्रात्ययो नास्ति न सम्प्रहार: । तद्‌ रोचतां शकुनेर्वाक्यमद्य सभां क्षिप्र॑ं त्वमिहाज्ञापयस्व,दुर्योधन बोला--पिताजी! पुराने लोगोंने भी द्यूतक्रीड़ाका व्यवहार किया है। उसमें न तो दोष है और न युद्ध ही होता है। अतः आप शकुनि मामाकी बात मान लीजिये और शीघ्र ही यहाँ (द्यूतके लिये) सभामण्डप बन जानेकी आज्ञा दीजिये

duryodhana uvāca | dyūte purāṇair vyavahāraḥ praṇītaḥ, tatrātyayo nāsti na samprāhāraḥ | tad rocātāṃ śakuner vākyam adya, sabhāṃ kṣipraṃ tvam ihājñāpayasva ||

دُریودھن نے کہا—ابّا جان! جُوئے کا چلن تو قدیم لوگوں نے بھی قائم رکھا ہے؛ اس میں نہ کوئی تجاوز ہے نہ ہتھیاروں کی جنگ۔ لہٰذا آج شکنی کی بات منظور کیجیے اور یہاں کھیل کے لیے سبھا-منڈپ فوراً تیار کرنے کا حکم دیجیے۔

दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
द्यूतेin gambling / in the dice-game
द्यूते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्यूत
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पुराणैःby the ancients
पुराणैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootपुराण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
व्यवहारःpractice / custom
व्यवहारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवहार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रणीतःestablished / laid down
प्रणीतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-नी (प्रणीत)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
तत्रthere / in that (matter)
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
अत्ययःfault / transgression
अत्ययः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअत्यय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्तिis
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
nor / not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सम्प्रहारःcombat / fighting
सम्प्रहारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसम्प्रहार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्that (proposal/thing)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
रोचताम्let it please / let it be approved
रोचताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootरुच्
FormImperative, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
शकुनेःof Shakuni
शकुनेः:
TypeNoun
Rootशकुनि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वाक्यम्word / proposal
वाक्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अद्यtoday / now
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
सभाम्assembly hall
सभाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसभा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
क्षिप्रम्quickly
क्षिप्रम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्षिप्र
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
आज्ञापयस्वcommand / order (to be done)
आज्ञापयस्व:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-ज्ञा (आज्ञापय)
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Atmanepada, true

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
S
Shakuni
S
sabhā (assembly hall)
D
dyūta (dice-game)

Educational Q&A

The verse illustrates how adharma can be rationalized through appeal to tradition: Duryodhana frames gambling as an ancient, socially accepted practice and downplays its harm, showing how ethical blindness and self-interest can misuse “custom” to legitimize wrongdoing.

In the Kuru court context, Duryodhana urges the king/elders to accept Shakuni’s proposal for a dice-game and to quickly arrange an assembly hall for it, presenting the game as harmless and non-violent—setting the stage for the infamous dice match.