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Shloka 1

संजय कहते हैं--राजन्‌! जब कौरव-सैनिक बड़े वेगसे भागने लगे, उस समय जैसे वायु मेघोंके समूहको छिन्न-भिन्न कर देती है, उसी प्रकार सूतपुत्र कर्णने श्वेत घोड़ोंवाले रथके द्वारा आक्रमण करके अपने विशाल बाणोंसे पांचालराजकुमारोंका संहार आरम्भ किया

sañjaya uvāca—rājan! yadā kaurava-sainikā mahā-vegena palāyituṃ pravṛttās tadā yathā vāyur megha-saṅghātaṃ chinna-bhinnaṃ karoti tathā sūta-putraḥ karṇaḥ śveta-aśva-yuktena rathena abhyākrāmya svaiḥ vipulaiḥ śaraiḥ pāñcāla-rāja-kumārāṇāṃ saṃhāram ārabdhavān.

سنجے نے کہا—اے راجن! جب کورو سپاہی بڑی تیزی سے بھاگنے لگے، تب جیسے ہوا بادلوں کے انبار کو چیر کر پراگندہ کر دیتی ہے، ویسے ہی سفید گھوڑوں والے رتھ پر سوار سوت پتر کرن نے یلغار کی اور اپنے بھاری تیروں سے پانچال کے راجکماروں کا قتلِ عام شروع کر دیا۔

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
कौरवाःthe Kauravas (Kaurava troops)
कौरवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकौरव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वेगात्from/through speed; swiftly
वेगात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootवेग
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
प्रद्रुताःfled; ran away
प्रद्रुताः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-द्रु
FormPast passive participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
वायुःwind
वायुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मेघ-सङ्घान्masses of clouds
मेघ-सङ्घान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमेघ + सङ्घ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
यथाas, just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
विभिनत्तिsplits, scatters
विभिनत्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभिद्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
तथाso, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
सूत-पुत्रःthe charioteer's son (Karna)
सूत-पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसूत + पुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कर्णःKarna
कर्णः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्वेत-अश्व-युक्तेनwith (a chariot) yoked with white horses
श्वेत-अश्व-युक्तेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootश्वेत + अश्व + युक्त
FormPast passive participle (युक्त), Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
रथेनby/with the chariot
रथेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अभ्यपतत्rushed/charged (upon)
अभ्यपतत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-पत्
FormImperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
महद्भिःwith great, huge
महद्भिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
बाणैःwith arrows
बाणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबाण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
पाञ्चाल-राज-पुत्रान्the sons of the Panchala king
पाञ्चाल-राज-पुत्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाञ्चाल + राज + पुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
जघानslew, struck down
जघान:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
K
Kaurava soldiers
K
Karna (Sūtaputra)
P
Panchala princes (Pāñcāla-rāja-kumāra)
W
White-horsed chariot
W
Wind
C
Cloud-mass

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how quickly fear can collapse an army’s cohesion and how a single warrior’s aggressive resolve can amplify that collapse into catastrophe. Ethically, it points to the grim reality that in war, prowess often overrides compassion, and the destruction of royal heirs deepens the adharma-like consequences of unchecked violence.

As Kaurava troops begin to flee at high speed, Karna surges forward in a white-horsed chariot and starts killing the princes of Panchala with powerful arrows. The scene is framed with a simile: Karna’s onslaught disperses the enemy like wind tearing apart a bank of clouds.