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Shloka 12

Karna Reproves Shalya; Brahmin Reports on Bāhlīkas; Shalya’s Universalizing Rebuttal (कर्ण–शल्य संवादः)

सुखोषितास्तां रजनीं हृष्टा युद्धाय निर्ययु: । तेडपश्यन्‌ विदहितं व्यूहं धर्मराजेन दुर्जयम्‌

sukhoṣitās tāṃ rajanīṃ hṛṣṭā yuddhāya niryayuḥ | te ’paśyan vihitaṃ vyūhaṃ dharmarājena durjayam ||

وہ رات آرام سے گزار کر اور خوش دلی کے ساتھ جنگ کے لیے نکل پڑے۔ تب انہوں نے دھرم راج کے ترتیب دیے ہوئے اُس ناقابلِ تسخیر جنگی صف (بیوہ) کو دیکھا۔

सुखोषिताःhaving spent the night comfortably
सुखोषिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुख-उषित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ताम्that
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
रजनीम्night
रजनीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरजनी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
हृष्टाःdelighted, exhilarated
हृष्टाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहृष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
युद्धायfor battle
युद्धाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
निर्ययुःthey went forth
निर्ययुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनि-या
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अपश्यन्they saw
अपश्यन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), Third, Plural
विदहितम्arranged, set up
विदहितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-धा
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
व्यूहम्battle-array, formation
व्यूहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्यूह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मराजेनby Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)
धर्मराजेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मराज
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
दुर्जयम्hard to conquer, invincible
दुर्जयम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्जय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)
V
vyūha (battle formation)

Educational Q&A

Even within warfare, the verse highlights the ethical dimension of leadership: Dharmarāja’s formation is not merely tactical but symbolizes ordered, disciplined action under a ruler identified with dharma—suggesting that power and strategy gain legitimacy when aligned with righteous intent and restraint.

After a restful night, the warriors set out eagerly for combat. On the battlefield they encounter a carefully arranged and formidable vyūha set by Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira), indicating that the Pāṇḍava side has prepared a strong defensive/offensive order that will be difficult to break.