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Shloka 56

भीष्मस्य दुर्योधनं प्रति उपालम्भः

Bhīṣma’s Reproof to Duryodhana

सर्वतः समचेष्टन्त सिंहभीता गजा इव । महाराज! आपके सभी सैनिक सब ओरसे दीन-चित्त हो सिंहसे डरे हुए हाथियोंकी भाँति भयपूर्ण चेष्टाएँ करने लगे

sarvataḥ samaceṣṭanta siṁhabhītā gajā iva |

اے مہاراج! آپ کے تمام سپاہی ہر طرف شیر سے ڈرے ہوئے ہاتھیوں کی مانند حوصلہ ہار کر خوف زدہ ہو گئے اور گھبراہٹ میں ادھر اُدھر حرکتیں کرنے لگے۔

सर्वतःon all sides, everywhere
सर्वतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वतः
FormAvyaya (indeclinable adverb)
समचेष्टन्तthey moved/acted (were making efforts)
समचेष्टन्त:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootचेष्ट्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), Parasmaipada, 3rd person plural
सिंहभीताःafraid of a lion
सिंहभीताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसिंहभीत
FormMasculine, nominative, plural
गजाःelephants
गजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगज
FormMasculine, nominative, plural
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
FormAvyaya (indeclinable particle)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
M
Mahārāja (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, implied addressee)
S
soldiers (Kaurava army, implied)
L
lion (simile)
E
elephants (simile)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how quickly fear can collapse collective resolve in war: when confidence breaks, even strong forces behave like frightened animals. Ethically, it implies the importance of steadiness, leadership, and inner courage amid crisis.

Sañjaya reports to the king that the king’s troops have become demoralized and are moving about in fearful confusion, compared to elephants panicking at the presence of a lion.