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Shloka 40

भीमसेन-दुर्योधन-प्रहारः तथा घटोत्कचमायाप्रादुर्भावः | Bhīmasena–Duryodhana Clash and the Manifestation of Ghaṭotkaca’s Māyā

ततः प्रववृते युद्ध तव तेषां च भारत । नराश्चरथनागानां व्यतिषक्तं परस्परम्‌,भरतनन्दन! फिर तो आपके और पाण्डवोंके योद्धाओंमें परस्पर घमासान युद्ध छिड़ गया। पैदल, घुड़सवार, रथी और हाथी एक-दूसरेसे गुँथ गये

tataḥ pravavṛte yuddhaṃ tava teṣāṃ ca bhārata | narāś ca ratha-nāgānāṃ vyatiṣaktaṃ parasparam bharatanandana ||

پھر، اے بھارت! تمہارے اور اُن کے (پانڈوؤں کے) جنگجوؤں کے درمیان سخت گھمسان کی لڑائی چھڑ گئی۔ پیادے، گھڑ سوار، رتھی اور ہاتھیوں کے دستے ایک دوسرے میں گتھم گتھا ہو کر قریب کی خونریز جنگ میں الجھ گئے۔

ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from/then')
प्रववृतेarose/began
प्रववृते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र√वृत् (वृत्)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada
युद्धम्battle
युद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, accusative, singular
तवof you/your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, singular
तेषाम्of them (their)
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, genitive, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, vocative, singular
नराःmen/warriors
नराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, nominative, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya
रथchariots
रथ:
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, stem form (in compound)
नागानाम्of elephants
नागानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, genitive, plural
व्यतिषक्तम्intermingled/entangled
व्यतिषक्तम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-अति-√सञ्ज्/√सक्त (सक्त)
FormPast passive participle, neuter, nominative/accusative, singular
परस्परम्mutually/with one another
परस्परम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर
FormAvyaya (reciprocal adverb)
भरतनन्दनO delight of Bharata
भरतनन्दन:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-नन्दन
FormMasculine, vocative, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressed as Bhārata, Bharatanandana)
K
Kauravas (implied by 'tava')
P
Pāṇḍavas (implied by 'teṣām')
I
infantry (narāḥ)
C
chariots/chariot-warriors (ratha)
E
elephants/elephant-corps (nāgāḥ)
B
battlefield (implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the ethical weight of war: once battle begins, forces intermingle and control diminishes, highlighting how conflict rapidly becomes chaotic and morally grave—especially in a fratricidal struggle like Kurukṣetra.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that full-scale fighting has erupted between the Kaurava and Pāṇḍava armies, with infantry, chariots, and elephant units colliding and becoming locked together in close combat.