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Shloka 12

भीष्मपर्व — अध्याय 18: सेनानिनादः, ध्वज-दीप्तिः, भीष्मरक्षण-व्यवस्था च

Battle Muster: Soundscape, Banners, and the Protection of Bhīṣma

अभीषाहा: शूरसेना: शिबयो5थ वसातय:,अभीषाह, शूरसेन, शिबि, वसाति, शाल्व, मत्स्य, अम्बष्ठ, त्रिगर्त, केकय, सौवीर, कैतव तथा पूर्व, पश्चिम एवं उत्तर प्रदेशके निवासी--इन बारह जनपदोंके समस्त शूरवीर अपना शरीर निछावर करनेको उद्यत होकर विशाल रथसमुदायके द्वारा पितामह भीष्मकी रक्षा कर रहे थे

sañjaya uvāca | abhīṣāhāḥ śūrasenāḥ śibayo 'tha vasātayaḥ śālvā matsyā ambaṣṭhās trigartāḥ kekayāḥ sauvīrāḥ kaitavāś ca pūrva-paścimottara-deśa-nivāsinaḥ—ete dvādaśa janapadāḥ sarve śūrāḥ śarīraṃ nikhilīkartuṃ kṛta-niścayā vipula-ratha-samūhena pitāmaha-bhīṣmasya rakṣāṃ kurvanti sma ||

سنجے نے کہا—ابھیشاہ، شورسین، شِبی اور وساتی؛ نیز شالْو، متسْی، امبَشٹھ، تریگرت، کیکَی، سوویر، کیتَو اور مشرق و مغرب و شمال کے باشندے—ان بارہ جنپدوں کے سبھی بہادر، جان نچھاور کرنے پر آمادہ ہو کر، عظیم رتھوں کے ہجوم کے ساتھ پیتامہ بھیشم کی ہر سمت سے حفاظت کر رہے تھے۔

अभीषाहाःthe Abhishahas (people of Abhishaha)
अभीषाहाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअभीषाह (जनपद/जातिनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शूरसेनाःthe Shurasenas
शूरसेनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूरसेन (जनपद/जातिनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शिबयःthe Shibis
शिबयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशिबि (जनपद/जातिनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अथand/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
वसातयःthe Vasatis (Vasatayas)
वसातयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवसाति (जनपद/जातिनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शाल्वाःthe Shalvas
शाल्वाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशाल्व (जनपद/जातिनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मत्स्याःthe Matsyas
मत्स्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य (जनपद/जातिनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अम्बष्ठाःthe Ambasthas
अम्बष्ठाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअम्बष्ठ (जनपद/जातिनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रिगर्ताःthe Trigartas
त्रिगर्ताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिगर्त (जनपद/जातिनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
केकयाःthe Kekayas
केकयाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकेकय (जनपद/जातिनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सौवीराःthe Sauviras
सौवीराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसौवीर (जनपद/जातिनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कैतवाःthe Kaitavas
कैतवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकैतव (जनपद/जातिनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाalso/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
पूर्व-प्रदेश-निवासिनःresidents of the eastern region
पूर्व-प्रदेश-निवासिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिवासिन् (√वस्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पश्चिम-प्रदेश-निवासिनःresidents of the western region
पश्चिम-प्रदेश-निवासिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिवासिन् (√वस्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
उत्तर-प्रदेश-निवासिनःresidents of the northern region
उत्तर-प्रदेश-निवासिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिवासिन् (√वस्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
द्वादशtwelve
द्वादश:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootद्वादश
जनपदानाम्of the kingdoms/regions
जनपदानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootजनपद
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
समस्ताःall/entire
समस्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसमस्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शूरवीराःheroic warriors
शूरवीराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूरवीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
आत्मानम्their body/self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
निछावर-कर्तुम्to sacrifice (to lay down)
निछावर-कर्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकर्तुम् (√कृ)
FormInfinitive
उद्यताःready/prepared
उद्यताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्यत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विशाल-रथ-समुदायेनby a vast mass of chariots
विशाल-रथ-समुदायेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसमुदाय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पितामह-भीष्मस्यof grandsire Bhishma
पितामह-भीष्मस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
रक्षाम्protection
रक्षाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
कुर्वन्तिwere doing/they do
कुर्वन्ति:
TypeVerb
Root√कृ
FormPresent, Third, Plural
आसन्were
आसन्:
TypeVerb
Root√अस्
FormImperfect, Third, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
A
Abhīṣāha (people/realm)
Ś
Śūrasena (people/realm)
Ś
Śibi (people/realm)
V
Vasāti/Vasātayaḥ (people/realm)
Ś
Śālva (people/realm)
M
Matsya (people/realm)
A
Ambaṣṭha (people/realm)
T
Trigarta (people/realm)
K
Kekaya (people/realm)
S
Sauvīra (people/realm)
K
Kaitava (people/realm)
P
Pūrva-deśa (eastern region)
P
Paścima-deśa (western region)
U
Uttara-deśa (northern region)
R
Ratha (chariots)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a key wartime ethic in the epic: pledged protection (rakṣā) of one’s commander and revered elder (Bhīṣma) through disciplined collective action, even at the cost of one’s life. It frames valor not merely as aggression but as steadfast duty and loyalty within a chosen allegiance.

Sañjaya reports that warriors from many regions—counted as twelve janapadas—have formed a large chariot-based protective screen around Bhīṣma. They are portrayed as fully prepared to die in order to defend him on the battlefield.