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Shloka 38

भीष्मसेनासंनिवेशः — Bhīṣma’s Mobilization, Omens, and the Kaurava Array

स रथानीकवान्‌ व्यूहो हस्त्यड्रो नृपशीर्षवान्‌ | वाजिपक्ष: पतत्युग्र: प्रहसन्‌ सर्वतोमुख:,राजन! रथोंके समूहसे युक्त उस सेनाका भयंकर व्यूह सर्वतोमुखी था। वह हँसता हुआ आक्रमण-सा कर रहा था। हाथी उस व्यूहके अंग थे, राजाओंका समुदाय ही उसका मस्तक था और घोड़े उसके पंख जान पड़ते थे

sa rathānīkavān vyūho hastyaṅgo nṛpaśīrṣavān | vājipakṣaḥ pataty ugraḥ prahasan sarvatomukhaḥ ||

سنجے نے کہا—اے راجن! رتھوں کے جمگھٹے سے بھرا وہ ہولناک لشکری بندوبست ہر سمت رُخ کیے ہوئے تھا۔ وہ گویا ہنستا ہوا حملے کے لیے اُمڈ رہا ہو۔ ہاتھی اس کے اعضا تھے، بادشاہوں کا مجمع اس کا سر تھا، اور گھوڑے اس کے پروں کی مانند دکھائی دیتے تھے۔

सःhe/that (one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रथ-अनीक-वान्possessing a mass/array of chariots
रथ-अनीक-वान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरथ + अनीक + वत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्यूहःbattle-formation/array
व्यूहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यूह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हस्ति-अङ्गःwhose limbs/parts are elephants
हस्ति-अङ्गः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहस्ति + अङ्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृप-शीर्ष-वान्having kings as its head/chief part
नृप-शीर्ष-वान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनृप + शीर्ष + वत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाजि-पक्षःwhose wings/flanks are horses
वाजि-पक्षः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवाजि + पक्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पततिrushes/falls upon (attacks)
पतति:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
उग्रःfierce/terrible
उग्रः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रहसन्laughing
प्रहसन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-हस्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वतः-मुखःfacing in all directions; all-fronted
सर्वतः-मुखः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वतः + मुख
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
battle-formation (vyūha)
C
chariots (ratha)
E
elephants (hasti)
K
kings (nṛpa)
H
horses (vāji)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how organized power and royal pride can take on an almost living, predatory character in war. It implicitly warns that martial brilliance and confidence (symbolized by the ‘laughing’ formation) can intensify violence, reminding readers to weigh kṣatriya duty against the moral cost of aggression.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra the appearance of a formidable, all-facing battle formation. He describes its components metaphorically: chariots as its mass, elephants as limbs, kings as the head, and horses as wings, conveying a multi-directional, advancing threat.