Shloka 46

Devanagari script

उपधानेन दत्तेन प्रत्यनन्दद्‌ धनंजयम्‌

Transliteration

upadhānena dattena pratyanandad dhanañjayam | bhāratān sarvān ālokya yoddhāreṣṭhaḥ suhṛdām ānanda-vardhanaḥ bharata-kula-bhūṣaṇaḥ kuntīputram arjunam idaṃ vacanam abravīt ||

Translation

سنجے نے کہا—تکیہ دیے جانے پر اس نے دھننجے (ارجن) کی تعریف کر کے اسے خوش کیا۔ پھر تمام بھرتوں کی طرف نگاہ ڈال کر، جنگجوؤں میں افضل، دوستوں کی خوشی بڑھانے والے، بھرت کُلن کے زیور، کنتی پتر ارجن سے اس طرح کہا۔

Word by Word

• उपधानेन: with/by a pillow (cushion)
• उपधानेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपधान
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• दत्तेन: given
• दत्तेन: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दा (ददाति)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• प्रत्यनन्दत्: rejoiced at / welcomed / was pleased (with)
• प्रत्यनन्दत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति-आनन्द् (आनन्दयति/आनन्दति)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• धनंजयम्: Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)
• धनंजयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धनंजय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Arjuna
• Dhanañjaya
• Kuntī
• Bharatas
• cushion (upadhāna)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights ethical leadership through respect and encouragement: honoring a worthy person with courteous gestures and praise strengthens allies’ morale and reinforces dharmic conduct even in a martial setting.

What is happening in the narrative?

A speaker (as reported by Sañjaya) offers Arjuna a cushion, praises him, looks over the gathered Bharatas, and then begins to address Arjuna formally, setting up the speech that follows.