Shloka 84

Devanagari script

ततस्तमेकं बहव: परिवार्य समन्तत: । परिकाल्य कुरून्‌ सर्वान्‌ शरवर्षरवाकिरन्‌

Transliteration

tatas tam ekaṁ bahavaḥ parivārya samantataḥ | parikālya kurūn sarvān śaravarṣa-ravākiran ||

Translation

پھر بہت سے جنگجوؤں نے اُس تنہا سورما کو ہر طرف سے گھیر لیا۔ تمام کوروؤں کو ہر سمت پسپا کر کے انہوں نے اُس پر گرجتی ہوئی تیروں کی بارش شروع کر دی۔

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• एकम्: alone, single
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• बहवः: many
• बहवः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• परिवार्य: having surrounded
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + √वृ (वृञ् वरणे/वर्तने)
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral as gerund)

• समन्ततः: on all sides
• समन्ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: समन्ततः

• परिकाल्य: having driven off / having harried
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + √कल्/काल् (कलने/चालने; here: drive/harass)
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral as gerund)

• कुरून्: the Kurus
• कुरून्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुरु
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• सर्वान्: all
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• शरवर्षरवाकिरन्: they showered/scattered (with) the sound of a rain of arrows
• शरवर्षरवाकिरन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: शर-वर्ष-रव-आकिरत् (परि/आ + √कॄ/किर्; here: √कॄ/किर् 'to scatter, pour')
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Kurus (Kauravas)
• arrows (śara)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights a battlefield ethic of coordinated action: when a single powerful warrior endangers the larger force, many unite to contain him. It reflects kṣatriya-dharma in practice—courage and strategy—while also hinting at the moral tension of war, where necessity can justify overwhelming force against an individual.

What is happening in the narrative?

After a turn in the fighting, many warriors close in around a lone fighter, encircling him from all sides. They push back the Kurus across the field and unleash a loud, continuous barrage of arrows, intensifying the pressure and shifting momentum.