Shloka 8

Nakula’s Declaration and the Uñchavṛtti Brāhmaṇa’s Superior Merit (Āśvamedhika Parva, Adhyāya 92)

Devanagari script

सर्वे प्रत्यक्षर्माणो जितक्रोधा जितेन्द्रिया: । दमे स्थिताश्न सर्वे ते हिंसादम्भविवर्जिता:,वे सब-के-सब प्रत्यक्ष धर्मका पालन करनेवाले, क्रोध-विजयी, जितेन्द्रिय, मनोनिग्रहपरायण, हिंसा और दम्भसे रहित तथा सदा शुद्ध सदाचारमें स्थित रहनेवाले थे। उन्हें किसी भी इन्द्रियके द्वारा कभी बाधा नहीं पहुँचती थी। ऐसे-ऐसे महर्षि वह यज्ञ करानेके लिये वहाँ उपस्थित थे

Transliteration

sarve pratyakṣa-dharmāṇo jitakrodhā jitendriyāḥ | dame sthitāś ca sarve te hiṃsā-dambha-vivarjitāḥ ||

Translation

وَیشَمپایَن نے کہا—وہ سب کے سب ظاہر و باطن میں دھرم کے عامل تھے؛ غصّہ جیت چکے تھے، حواس پر قابو پا چکے تھے، اور ضبط میں قائم تھے۔ وہ تشدد اور ریاکاری سے پاک، ہمیشہ پاکیزہ سیرت میں ثابت قدم تھے۔

Word by Word

सर्वेall

प्रत्यक्षकर्माणःwhose actions are manifest/straightforward

जितक्रोधाःhaving conquered anger

जितेन्द्रियाःhaving conquered the senses; self-controlled

दमेin restraint/self-control

स्थिताःabiding; established

सर्वेall

तेthose

हिंसादम्भविवर्जिताःfree from violence and hypocrisy

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vaiśampāyana

maharṣayaḥ (great sages)

yajña (sacrifice)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

True dharma is recognized through lived conduct: conquering anger, mastering the senses, practicing restraint (dama), and avoiding both violence and hypocritical display. Ethical purity is presented as the qualification for guiding sacred public rites.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana describes the assembly of eminent sages who have gathered to officiate at the sacrifice. Their moral and ascetic qualities are highlighted to establish the ritual’s legitimacy and sanctity.