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Shloka 44

Adhyāya 90: Babhruvāhana’s Reception and the Commencement of Yudhiṣṭhira’s Aśvamedha

आत्मानुमानतो विद्वान्‌ स तु विप्रर्षभस्तदा । जानन वृद्धां क्षुधार्ता च श्रान्तां ग्लानां तपस्विनीम्‌

ātmānumānato vidvān sa tu viprarṣabhas tadā | jānan vṛddhāṃ kṣudhārtāṃ ca śrāntāṃ glānāṃ tapasvinīm ||

نکُل نے کہا—وہ دانا، برہمنوں میں برتر، اپنے ہی تجربے سے اندازہ کر کے اُس وقت اُس تپسوی عورت کو پہچان گیا—بوڑھی، بھوک سے ستائی ہوئی، تھکی ماندی اور نڈھال۔ اس کی حالت دیکھ کر اس نے اس کے دکھ کو سمجھا اور جان لیا کہ کرُونا کے ساتھ، دھرم کے مطابق فرض ادا کرنا اسی گھڑی لازم ہے۔

आत्मानुमानतःby self-inference / from inference about himself
आत्मानुमानतः:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआत्मानुमान
FormAvyaya (ablative sense: -तः)
विद्वान्the wise man
विद्वान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
FormAvyaya
विप्रर्षभःthe best of Brahmins
विप्रर्षभः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविप्रर्षभ
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
FormAvyaya
जानन्knowing/recognizing
जानन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), masculine nominative singular
वृद्धाम्aged/old
वृद्धाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्धा
FormFeminine, accusative, singular
क्षुधाwith hunger
क्षुधा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुध्
FormFeminine, instrumental, singular
आर्ताम्distressed/afflicted
आर्ताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्ता
FormFeminine, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya
श्रान्ताम्weary
श्रान्ताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रान्ता
FormFeminine, accusative, singular
ग्लानाम्exhausted/feeble
ग्लानाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootग्लाना
FormFeminine, accusative, singular
तपस्विनीम्the ascetic woman
तपस्विनीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्विनी
FormFeminine, accusative, singular

नकुल उवाच

N
Nakula
V
viprarṣabha (a distinguished brāhmaṇa, unnamed)
T
tapasvinī (an aged female ascetic, unnamed)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights ethical empathy: a truly wise person infers another’s suffering by reflecting on one’s own experience (ātmānumānataḥ) and recognizes the dharmic need to respond compassionately—especially toward vulnerable ascetics.

Nakula describes a learned brāhmaṇa who, upon seeing an aged female ascetic weakened by hunger and fatigue, recognizes her distressed state. The scene sets up a dharma-driven response—care, aid, or hospitality—toward the tapasvinī.