Shloka 48

Brahma-vidyā: Satya–Tapas and the Enumeration of Tattvas

Arjuna–Vāsudeva framed dialogue

Devanagari script

विशेषा: पञ्च भूतानामिति सर्ग: सनातन: । चतुर्विशतिरेका च तत्त्वसंख्या प्रकीर्तिता,अव्यक्त प्रकृति, महत्तत्त्व, अहंकार, दस इन्द्रियाँ,एक मन, पञच महाभूत और उनके शब्द आदि विशेष गुण--यह चौबीस तत्त्वोंका सनातन सर्ग है। तथा एक जीवात्मा-इस प्रकार तत्त्वोंकी संख्या पचीस बतलायी गयी है

Transliteration

viśeṣāḥ pañca bhūtānām iti sargaḥ sanātanaḥ | caturviśatir ekā ca tattvasaṅkhyā prakīrtitā |

Translation

وایو نے کہا—پانچ مہابھوتوں کے اپنے اپنے امتیازی خواص ہیں؛ یہی ازلی عملِ ظہور ہے۔ پس تتّوؤں کی گنتی چوبیس بیان کی گئی ہے؛ اور جیواتما کے ساتھ وہی پچیس کہلاتی ہے۔

Word by Word

विशेषाःdistinctive features; specifics

पञ्चfive

भूतानाम्of the elements/beings

इतिthus; so (quotative)

सर्गःcreation; emanation; process

सनातनःeternal; primeval

चतुर्विंशतिःtwenty-four

एकाone (additional)

चand

तत्त्वसंख्याthe number of principles (tattvas)

प्रकीर्तिताis proclaimed; has been stated

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vāyudeva

pañca mahābhūta (five great elements)

tattva-saṅkhyā (enumeration of principles)

jīvātman (individual self)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches a Sāṅkhya-style ontology: creation proceeds through an eternal scheme in which the principles are counted as twenty-four (prakṛti and its evolutes), and when the conscious self (jīvātman/puruṣa) is included, the total becomes twenty-five.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vāyudeva is instructing the listener by summarizing the traditional enumeration of reality’s constituents—highlighting the five elements and the standard tally of tattvas—framing it as an ancient, authoritative doctrine within the Ashvamedhika Parva discourse.