Shloka 12

अनुमान्य महाराजं तत्‌ सद: सम्प्रसाद्य च । विप्र: प्रगल्भो मेधावी स राजानमुवाच ह,वे ब्राह्मण देवता सदाचारी, सबके माननीय और अर्थज्ञानमें निपुण थे, उनका नाम था साम्ब। वे वेदके विद्वान, निर्भय होकर बोलनेवाले और बुद्धिमान थे। वे महाराजको सम्मान देकर सारी सभाको प्रसन्न करके बोलनेको उद्यत हुए। उन्होंने राजासे इस प्रकार कहा --

anumānya mahārājaṃ tat sadaḥ samprasādya ca | vipraḥ pragalbho medhāvī sa rājānam uvāca ha ||

مہاراج کو حسبِ دستور تعظیم دے کر اور اس مجلس کو خوش کر کے، وہ جری اور ذہین برہمن بادشاہ سے یوں مخاطب ہوا۔

अनुमान्यhaving obtained approval / after taking leave
अनुमान्य:
TypeVerb
Rootanu√man (अनु + √मन्) → अनुमन्य (gerundive/absolutive usage as ktvā-anta in sense of 'having obtained consent')
FormAbsolutive (avyaya-kriyāviśeṣaṇa), indeclinable
महाराजम्the great king
महाराजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, accusative, singular
तत्then / thereupon
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, accusative, singular (adverbial: 'then/thereupon')
सदःthe assembly / court
सदः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसदस्
FormNeuter, accusative, singular
सम्प्रसाद्यhaving pleased / having gratified
सम्प्रसाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + प्र√सद् (प्रसादयति) → सम्प्रसाद्य
FormAbsolutive (ktvā/lyap), indeclinable
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormParticle
विप्रःthe brahmin
विप्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
प्रगल्भःbold / confident
प्रगल्भः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रगल्भ
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
मेधावीintelligent / wise
मेधावी:
TypeAdjective
Rootमेधाविन्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
सःhe
सः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
राजानम्the king
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, accusative, singular
उवाचsaid / spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Root√वच्
FormPerfect (liṭ), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada
indeed / surely
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormParticle (emphasis/reminiscence)

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
M
mahārāja (the king)
S
sadaḥ (assembly)
V
vipra (a brāhmaṇa)

Educational Q&A

True counsel is offered with three virtues: honoring the ruler (respect), pleasing the assembly (social harmony), and speaking boldly with intelligence (fearless truth grounded in learning).

A learned brāhmaṇa, after paying respects to the king and winning the goodwill of the assembled court, prepares to speak and then addresses the king.