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Shloka 4

Adhyāya 9: Pratiśruta-Dāna

The Duty to Fulfill Promised Gifts

यां रात्रि जायते जीवो यां रात्रि च विनश्यति । एतस्मिन्नन्तरे यद्‌ यत्‌ सुकृतं तस्य भारत,भरतनन्दन! जीव जिस रातको जन्म लेता है और जिस रातको उसकी मौत होती है-- इन दोनों रात्रियोंके बीचमें जीवनभर वह जो-जो पुण्यकर्म करता है, भरतश्रेष्ठ! उसने आजीवन जो कुछ होम, दान तथा तप किया होता है, उसका वह सब कुछ उस प्रतिज्ञा- भंगके पापसे नष्ट हो जाता है

bhīṣma uvāca |

yāṃ rātri jāyate jīvo yāṃ rātri ca vinaśyati |

etasminn antare yad yat sukṛtaṃ tasya bhārata bharatanandana |

بھیشم نے کہا—اے بھرت کے فرزند! جس رات جاندار پیدا ہوتا ہے اور جس رات وہ فنا ہوتا ہے، ان دونوں راتوں کے درمیان زندگی بھر وہ جو بھی نیکی کماتا ہے—یَجْن، دان اور تپسیا سے جو کچھ حاصل کرتا ہے—وہ سب عہد شکنی کے گناہ سے مٹ جاتا ہے۔

याम्which (whom/that)
याम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
रात्रिम्night
रात्रिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
जायतेis born
जायते:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
जीवःa living being
जीवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजीव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
याम्which
याम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
रात्रिम्night
रात्रिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विनश्यतिperishes/dies
विनश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootनश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
एतस्मिन्in this
एतस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
अन्तरेin the interval/between
अन्तरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तर
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
यत्whatever
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
यत्whatever (each and every)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
सुकृतम्merit/virtuous deed
सुकृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुकृत
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तस्यof him/of that
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
भरत-नन्दनO delight of Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भरत-नन्दन:
TypeNoun
Rootभरतनन्दन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Bhārata (Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
B
Bharatanandana (Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
J
jīva (living being)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma stresses the ethical gravity of keeping one’s pledged word: a single breach of a solemn vow can nullify the spiritual fruits of a lifetime of meritorious acts such as sacrifice, charity, and austerity.

In the Anushasana Parva’s instructional setting, Bhishma addresses Yudhiṣṭhira and frames human life as the interval between birth-night and death-night, using that span to emphasize how vow-breaking can overwhelm accumulated merit.