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Shloka 25

गोप्रदानगुणाः तथा कपिलागोविधानम्

Merits of Cow-Gift and the Origin-Account of Kapilā Cows

वैश्यस्यैते यदि गुणास्तस्य पठचशतं भवेत्‌ । शूद्रस्यापि विनीतस्य चतुर्भागफलं स्मृतम्‌

vaiśyasyāite yadi guṇās tasya pañcaśataṁ bhavet | śūdrasyāpi vinītasya caturbhāgaphalaṁ smṛtam |

بھیشم نے کہا: “اگر ویشیہ میں بھی یہی اوصاف ہوں تو اس کے لیے ثواب پانچ سو (گایوں کے دان) کے برابر شمار ہوتا ہے—اگرچہ ظاہر میں دان ایک ہی گائے کا ہو۔ اور باادب، منکسر المزاج شودر کے لیے سمرتی میں چوتھائی حصے کا پھل بتایا گیا ہے—یعنی ڈھائی سو گایوں کے دان کے برابر۔”

वैश्यस्यof a Vaiśya
वैश्यस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
गुणाःqualities
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तस्यof him/that (person)
तस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
पञ्चशतम्five hundred
पञ्चशतम्:
Karta
TypeNumeral
Rootपञ्चशत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would be / would become
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शूद्रस्यof a Śūdra
शूद्रस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
विनीतस्यof the disciplined/modest (one)
विनीतस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootविनीत
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
चतुर्भागफलम्the fruit of a fourth part (one-quarter reward)
चतुर्भागफलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचतुर्भागफल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
स्मृतम्is declared/remembered (as)
स्मृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (kta)

पितामह उवाच

B
Bhishma (Pitamaha)
V
Vaishya
S
Shudra
C
cow-gift (godana)

Educational Q&A

The merit of a gift is not determined only by the object given, but by the giver’s inner virtues and discipline; ethical refinement increases the spiritual fruit even for those outside the Brahmin class.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on dāna-dharma in the Anuśāsana Parva, he explains graded results of cow-gifting: a virtuous Vaiśya gains merit equated to five hundred cows, and a humble, well-disciplined Śūdra gains a quarter-share of the Brahmin-standard merit (stated as two hundred and fifty cows in the received explanation).