Anushasana Parva Adhyaya 74 Shloka 36 - Mahabharata | Urdu | Vedapath

Vyasa

Shloka 36

Phala of Vrata, Niyama, Svādhyāya, Dama, Satya, Brahmacarya, and Service (व्रत-नियम-स्वाध्याय-दम-सत्य-ब्रह्मचर्य-शुश्रूषा-फलप्रश्नः)

Devanagari script

गुर्वर्थ वा बालपुष्ट्याभिषंगां गां वै दातुं देशकालो<विशिष्ट: । अन्तर्ज्ाता: सक्रयज्ञानलब्धा: प्राणक्रीता निर्जिता यौतकाश्ष

Transliteration

gurvartha vā bālapuṣṭyābhiṣaṅgāṁ gāṁ vai dātuṁ deśa-kālo viśiṣṭaḥ | antarjātāḥ sakraya-jñāna-labdhāḥ prāṇa-krītā nirjitā yautakāś ca ||

Translation

بھیشم نے کہا—استاد (گرو) کے معاملے میں، یا بچوں کی پرورش و بھلائی کی محبت میں، مناسب جگہ اور وقت کا لحاظ رکھتے ہوئے گائے کا دان خاص طور پر پسندیدہ ہے۔ ایسی گائیں اپنی ہی ریوڑ میں پیدا ہوئی ہوں، شرعی/قانونی خرید کے ذریعے اور ملکیت کے صحیح علم کے ساتھ حاصل کی گئی ہوں، جان کی قیمت پر (سخت مشقت سے) کمائی گئی ہوں، فتح کے ذریعے ملی ہوں، یا یَوتَک (نکاح/شادی کا تحفہ، جہیز) میں حاصل ہوئی ہوں۔

Word by Word

गुरु-अर्थम्for the sake of the teacher

वाor

बाल-पुष्टि-अभिषङ्गाम्one attached to child-nourishment (a milch-cow kept for calves)

गाम्a cow

वैindeed

दातुम्to give

देश-कालःplace and time (the proper occasion)

विशिष्टःis distinguished/specially prescribed

अन्तर्जाताःborn within (the household)

सक्रय-ज्ञान-लब्धाःobtained by knowledge that is with purchase/fee (i.e., acquired for a price)

प्राण-क्रीताःbought with life (at the cost of life)

निर्जिताःwon/conquered

यौतकाश्चand those received as marriage-gifts/dowry

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

Bhīṣma

guru (teacher/preceptor)

cow (go)

yautaka (marriage-gift/dowry)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhīṣma emphasizes that gifting a cow (go-dāna) is a meritorious act when done with deśa-kāla propriety, especially for honoring one’s guru and for the welfare of children; he also notes ethically legitimate sources of such a gift (home-bred, lawfully purchased, hard-won, conquered, or received as yautaka).

What is happening in the narrative?

In Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma continues advising on charitable giving, specifying when and why cow-gifts are appropriate and listing acceptable ways a donor may have acquired the cow to be given.