Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 30

Phala of Vrata, Niyama, Svādhyāya, Dama, Satya, Brahmacarya, and Service (व्रत-नियम-स्वाध्याय-दम-सत्य-ब्रह्मचर्य-शुश्रूषा-फलप्रश्नः)

न त्वेतासां दानमात्र प्रशस्तं पात्र कालो गोविशेषो विधिक्ष । ज्ञात्वा देयं विप्र गवान्तरं हि दुःखं ज्ञातुं पावकादित्यभूतम्‌

na tv etāsāṁ dānamātraṁ praśastaṁ pātraḥ kālo goviśeṣo vidhikṣaḥ | jñātvā deyaṁ vipra gavāntaraṁ hi duḥkhaṁ jñātuṁ pāvakādityabhūtam ||

بھیشم نے کہا—اے برہمنوں میں افضل! محض ان گایوں کا دان کرنا ہی قابلِ ستائش نہیں۔ پاتر (مستحق) کی اہلیت، مناسب وقت، گائے کی امتیازی خوبی اور دان کی بہترین विधि—ان سب کو سمجھ کر ہی گودان کرنا چاہیے۔ کیونکہ گایوں کے باہمی درجات کو پہچاننا واقعی دشوار ہے، اور آگ اور سورج کی مانند درخشاں پاتر کو شناخت کرنا بھی آسان نہیں۔

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
एतासाम्of these (cows)
एतासाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
दानम्gift; giving
दानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
मात्रम्only; merely
मात्रम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमात्र
प्रशस्तम्praiseworthy; commendable
प्रशस्तम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रशस्त
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
पात्रम्worthy recipient
पात्रम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपात्र
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कालःtime (proper occasion)
कालः:
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गोविशेषःa special/choice cow
गोविशेषः:
TypeNoun
Rootगो-विशेष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विधिःprocedure; prescribed method
विधिः:
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Active
देयम्should be given
देयम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formयत् (gerundive), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
विप्रO brahmin
विप्र:
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
अन्तरम्difference; gradation
अन्तरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तर
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
हिindeed; for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
दुःखम्difficult; hard
दुःखम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
ज्ञातुम्to know
ज्ञातुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formतुमुन् (infinitive), Active
पावकfire
पावक:
TypeNoun
Rootपावक
FormMasculine, Instrumental (as first member in compound), Singular
आदित्यsun
आदित्य:
TypeNoun
Rootआदित्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental (as first member in compound), Singular
भूतम्become; being
भूतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (Bhīṣma)
B
Brahmin (vipra)
C
cow/cows (go, gāvaḥ)
A
Agni (Pāvaka)
S
Sun (Āditya)

Educational Q&A

Charity is ethically complete only when guided by discernment: the giver must consider the worthiness of the recipient (pātra), the proper time (kāla), the quality of the gift (goviśeṣa), and the correct procedure (vidhi). Mere giving without these factors is not fully praiseworthy.

In Anushasana Parva, Bhishma instructs on dharma related to gifts. Here he advises a Brahmin listener that go-dāna requires careful evaluation—both of the cows’ relative qualities and of a truly radiant, deserving recipient—since such discernment is difficult.