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Shloka 3

Adhyāya 64: Dāna-prakāra—Suvarṇa, Pānīya-dāna, Ghṛta-dāna, and Upakaraṇa-dāna

Utility Gifts

अन्तर्वेद्यां च यद्‌ दत्तं श्रद्धया चानृशंस्यत: । किंस्विन्नै:श्रेयसं तात तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह,तात पितामह! जो दान वेदीके भीतर श्रद्धापूर्वक दिया जाता है और जो वेदीके बाहर दयाभावसे प्रेरित होकर दिया जाता है; इन दोनोंमें कौन विशेष कल्याणकारी होता है?

antarvedyāṁ ca yad dattaṁ śraddhayā cānṛśaṁsyaḥ | kiṁsvid naiḥśreyasaṁ tāta tan me brūhi pitāmaha ||

یُدھِشٹھِر نے کہا: اے عزیز پیتامہ! ویدی کے اندر شردھا کے ساتھ دیا گیا دان اور ویدی کے باہر رحم و کرم اور بے آزاری کے جذبے سے دیا گیا دان— ان دونوں میں کون سا زیادہ اعلیٰ بھلائی کا باعث ہے؟ مجھے بتائیے۔

अन्तर्वेद्याम्in the inner sacrificial enclosure (within the vedi)
अन्तर्वेद्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तर्वेदी
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यत्that which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दत्तम्given
दत्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
श्रद्धयाwith faith
श्रद्धया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootश्रद्धा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनृशंस्यतःfrom compassion / out of non-cruelty
अनृशंस्यतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअनृशंस्य
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
किम्what?
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
स्वित्indeed / I wonder
स्वित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वित्
नैःश्रेयसम्the highest good, supreme welfare
नैःश्रेयसम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनैःश्रेयस
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तातdear one / son (address)
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative, Singular
ब्रूहिtell (you)
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
V
vedi (altar/sacrificial enclosure)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical inquiry about dāna: whether ritual-context giving (within the consecrated vedi, done with śraddhā) or compassion-driven giving (outside the ritual space, motivated by anṛśaṁsya) is more conducive to naiḥśreyasa, the highest welfare. It invites a hierarchy of values—external ritual propriety versus inner moral intention.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira questions the grandsire Bhīṣma, seeking guidance on the relative merit of two kinds of charitable giving: offerings made within a sacrificial/altar setting with faith, and gifts given beyond that setting out of compassion.