Previous Verse

Shloka 253

गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow

Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode

कारावरो निषाद्यां तु चर्मकार: प्रसूयते । इस प्रकार ये तीन नीच जातिके मनुष्य आयोगवीकी संतानें हैं। निघाद जातिकी स्त्रीका यदि वैदेहक जातिके पुरुषसे संसर्ग हो तो क्षुद्र

kārāvaro niṣādyāṃ tu carmakāraḥ prasūyate |

بھیشم نے کہا—نِشادِی (نِشاد قوم کی عورت) سے ‘کاراور’ پیدا ہوتا ہے، اور ‘چرمکار’ (چمڑے کا کام کرنے والا) بھی کہا گیا ہے۔ اس مقام پر وہ پیدائش اور پیشے کی بنیاد پر رائج ورن–جاتی درجہ بندی کا بیان کرتے ہیں—کہ بعض مخلوط تعلقات سے ایسے گروہ مانے گئے جو گاؤں سے باہر رہتے، شکار سے یا مردہ جانوروں کی کھال کے کام سے روزی کماتے؛ اسی لیے ‘چرمکار’ کی اصطلاح مشہور ہوئی۔

कारावरःa Kārāvara (name of a caste/person)
कारावरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकारावर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निषाद्याम्in/with a Niṣādī woman
निषाद्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनिषादी
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
चर्मकारःleather-worker (cobbler)
चर्मकारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचर्मकार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रसूयतेis born / is produced
प्रसूयते:
TypeVerb
Root√सू (प्रसू)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Ātmanepada, Passive/impersonal (middle usage)

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
Niṣāda/Niṣādī
K
Kārāvara
C
Carmakāra

Educational Q&A

The verse is part of Bhishma’s instructional catalog of traditional social classifications, linking birth (especially mixed unions) with named communities and customary occupations. It reflects a prescriptive social taxonomy rather than a universal ethical ideal, and it is presented as an explanatory scheme for social roles and livelihoods.

In Anushasana Parva, Bhishma is instructing Yudhishthira on dharma and social regulations. Here he continues a section describing the origins and occupations of various groups said to arise from particular unions, mentioning Kārāvara and Carmakāra in connection with a Niṣādī.