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Shloka 31

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

तिस््र: कृत्वा पुरो भार्या: पश्चाद्‌ विन्देत ब्राह्मणीम्‌ ।। सा ज्येष्ठा सा च पूज्या स्यात्‌ सा च भार्या गरीयसी

tisraḥ kṛtvā puro bhāryāḥ paścād vindeta brāhmaṇīm || sā jyeṣṭhā sā ca pūjyā syāt sā ca bhāryā garīyasī

بھیشم نے کہا— پہلے تین بیویاں کر کے، اس کے بعد برہمنی سے نکاح کرے۔ وہی جَیَشٹھا (سب سے بڑی) سمجھی جائے، وہی قابلِ تعظیم ہو، اور بیویوں میں وہی سب سے زیادہ برتر و مقدم مانی جائے۔

तिस्रःthree
तिस्रः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
कृत्वाhaving made/done
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
पुरःin front/first
पुरः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरस्
भार्याःwives
भार्याः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
पश्चात्afterwards
पश्चात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपश्चात्
विन्देतshould obtain/find
विन्देत:
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (विन्दति)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), Optative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ब्राह्मणीम्a Brahmin woman
ब्राह्मणीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
साshe/that (woman)
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ज्येष्ठाeldest/senior
ज्येष्ठा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्येष्ठ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
साshe
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पूज्याworthy of worship/respect
पूज्या:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपूज्य
Formयत् (gerundive), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormVidhi-lin (optative), Optative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
साshe
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भार्याwife
भार्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
गरीयसीmore weighty/superior
गरीयसी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगरीयस्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular, Comparative

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
brāhmaṇī (a Brahmin woman)
B
bhāryāḥ (wives)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches a normative hierarchy within a polygynous household: if a Brahmin wife is taken after other wives, she is to be treated as senior, honored, and given the highest status—emphasizing reverence and precedence as a matter of dharma.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s dharma-instructions, Bhishma is advising on household conduct and marital order, specifying how a Brahmin wife should be regarded relative to other wives.