Shloka 48

Devanagari script

वैशम्पायन उवाच एवमुक्तस्तु गाड़ेय: पाण्डवानिदमब्रवीत्‌ | धृतराष्ट्रमुखां श्वापि सर्वाश्व सुहृदस्तथा

Transliteration

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: evam uktas tu gāṅgeyaḥ pāṇḍavān idam abravīt | dhṛtarāṣṭra-mukhāṃś ca api sarvān sva-suhṛdas tathā ||

Translation

ویشَمپاین نے کہا—اے جنمیجَے! بھگوان کے یوں کہنے پر گنگا نندن بھیشم نے پانڈوؤں سے اور دھرتراشٹر کو پیشِ نظر رکھ کر تمام خیرخواہوں سے اس طرح کہا۔

Word by Word

• वैशम्पायनः: Vaiśampāyana
• वैशम्पायनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैशम्पायन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

• एवम्: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• उक्तः: having been addressed / spoken to
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past passive participle)

• तु: but/then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• गाङ्गेयः: the son of Gaṅgā (Bhīṣma)
• गाङ्गेयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गाङ्गेय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पाण्डवान्: the Pāṇḍavas
• पाण्डवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अब्रवीत्: said/spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू
• Form: Imperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

• धृतराष्ट्रमुखान्: those headed by Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• धृतराष्ट्रमुखान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृतराष्ट्रमुख
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• सर्वान्: all
• सर्वान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सुहृदः: well-wishers/friends
• सुहृदः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुहृद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• तथा: likewise/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Gāṅgeya (Bhīṣma)
• Pāṇḍavas
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Gaṅgā

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse signals that dharma-instruction is not private advice to a single party but guidance to be heard by all stakeholders—Pāṇḍavas, the elder king Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and the wider circle of well-wishers—underscoring shared moral accountability within a royal family and polity.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana narrates a transition: after being addressed, Bhīṣma (Gāṅgeya) begins speaking. His forthcoming discourse is directed to the Pāṇḍavas and also to Dhṛtarāṣṭra and other allies/kinsmen present, setting the scene for a public, authoritative instruction.