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Shloka 34

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

उमोवाच भगवन्‌ संशयो मे<स्ति तन्मे व्याख्यातुमरहसि । चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य धर्म वै नैपुण्येन प्रकीर्तय

umovāca bhagavan saṁśayo me 'sti tan me vyākhyātum arhasi | cāturvarṇyasya dharmo vai naipuṇyena prakīrtaya ||

اُما نے کہا—اے بھگون! میرے دل میں ابھی بھی شک باقی ہے؛ پس اس کی تشریح کرکے مجھے سمجھائیے۔ چاروں ورنوں کے دھرم کو پوری وضاحت اور مہارت کے ساتھ بیان کیجیے۔

उमाUmā
उमा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउमा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
भगवन्O Lord
भगवन्:
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मेof me / my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
अस्तिis
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्that (doubt/matter)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative, Singular
व्याख्यातुम्to explain
व्याख्यातुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootव्याख्या + तुमुन् (from धातु: ख्या with उपसर्ग वि-आ-)
FormInfinitive (tumun)
अर्हसिyou ought / you are able
अर्हसि:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्यof the fourfold varṇa-system
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootचातुर्वर्ण्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
धर्मम्duty / dharma
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
नैपुण्येनwith skill / expertly
नैपुण्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनैपुण्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
प्रकीर्तयproclaim / expound
प्रकीर्तय:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + कीर्त्
FormImperative, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

U
Umā (Pārvatī)
M
Mahādeva/Śrī Maheśvara (Śiva, addressed as Bhagavān)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a request for a precise exposition of cāturvarṇya-dharma—how dharma is to be understood and practiced within the fourfold social order—emphasizing clarity, completeness, and careful discrimination.

In a didactic dialogue, Umā addresses Maheśvara with a remaining doubt and asks him to explain it, specifically requesting a detailed account of the duties and principles associated with the four varṇas.