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Shloka 49

Āloka-dāna (Dīpa-dāna), Sumanas–Dhūpa–Dīpa Phala: Manu–Suvarṇa and Śukra–Bali Exempla

देवास्तेजस्विनो हास्मात्‌ प्रभावन्त: प्रकाशका: । तामसा राक्षसाश्रैव तस्माद्‌ दीप: प्रदीयते

devās tejasvino hāsmāt prabhāvantaḥ prakāśakāḥ | tāmasā rākṣasāś caiva tasmād dīpaḥ pradīyate ||

شُکر نے کہا—دیوتا تیزسوی ہیں؛ وہ اپنی فطرت ہی سے صاحبِ اثر اور روشن کرنے والے ہیں۔ راکشس تَمَس کے ہیں۔ اسی لیے (تاریکی دور کر کے روشنی کے لیے) چراغ دیا جاتا ہے۔

देवाःgods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेजस्विनःradiant, possessed of splendor
तेजस्विनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतेजस्विन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
अस्मात्from this (cause/source)
अस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAblative, Singular
प्रभावन्तःpowerful, possessing influence/effulgence
प्रभावन्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रभाववत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रकाशकाःilluminators, revealers
प्रकाशकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकाशक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तामसाःdark, of darkness (tamasic)
तामसाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतामस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राक्षसाःdemons, rakshasas
राक्षसाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराक्षस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तस्मात्therefore, from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormAblative, Singular
दीपःa lamp
दीपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदीप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रदीयतेis given/handed (i.e., is offered/produced)
प्रदीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + दा
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular

शुक्र उवाच

Ś
Śukra
D
Devas
R
Rākṣasas
D
Dīpa (lamp)

Educational Q&A

Radiance and clarity are associated with the divine (tejas), while darkness and obscuration are linked with tamas; ethical instruction is framed as moving from ignorance to illumination—symbolized by the giving of a lamp.

Śukra contrasts the nature of the Devas and the Rākṣasas and uses that contrast to justify a practical-symbolic act: providing a lamp, i.e., supplying light where darkness predominates.