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Shloka 49

उपदेशदोषप्रसङ्गः (Upadeśa-doṣa-prasaṅgaḥ) — The Risk of Misapplied Counsel

भीष्म उवाच बाढमित्येव तं राजा प्रत्युवाच युधिष्ठिर । यदि ज्ञास्यामि वक्ष्यामि अजानन्‌ न तु संवदे

bhīṣma uvāca | bāḍham ity eva taṃ rājā pratyuvāca yudhiṣṭhira | yadi jñāsyāmi vakṣyāmi ajānan na tu saṃvade ||

بھیشم نے کہا—تب راجہ یُدھشٹھِر نے جواب دیا—“ایسا ہی ہو۔ اگر میں جانتا ہوں تو ضرور بتاؤں گا؛ اور اگر نہیں جانتا تو جاننے کا دکھاوا کر کے بات نہیں کروں گا۔”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
बाढम्certainly; very well
बाढम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबाढम्
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रत्युवाचreplied
प्रत्युवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-उप-√वच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
युधिष्ठिरम्to Yudhishthira (addressed)
युधिष्ठिरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
ज्ञास्यामिI shall know
ज्ञास्यामि:
TypeVerb
Root√ज्ञा
FormSimple Future (Lृट्), 1, Singular, Parasmaipada
वक्ष्यामिI shall tell
वक्ष्यामि:
TypeVerb
Root√वच्
FormSimple Future (Lृट्), 1, Singular, Parasmaipada
अजानन्not knowing
अजानन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअ-√ज्ञा
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
संवदेI speak; I converse
संवदे:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-√वद्
FormPresent (Lat), 1, Singular, Atmanepada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira

Educational Q&A

One should speak only what one knows to be true; when knowledge is lacking, restraint in speech is itself dharma. The verse models integrity: agreement to answer honestly, coupled with refusal to speculate or misrepresent.

In the course of Bhishma’s instruction, Yudhishthira responds to a request or inquiry with assent (“Very well”) and sets a clear condition: he will answer if he knows, and will remain silent rather than speak without knowledge.