Home›Garuda Purana›Preta Kalpa›Adhyaya 45›Shloka 22
←Previous Verse
Next Verse→

Shloka 22

Determining Rites for Difficult/Inauspicious Deaths; Annual and Daily Śrāddha Rules

Devanagari script

दात्रा बोक्त्रा च न ज्ञातं सूतकं मृतकं तथा / उभयोरपि तद्दोषं नारोपयति कर्हिचित्

Transliteration

dātrā boktrā ca na jñātaṃ sūtakaṃ mṛtakaṃ tathā / ubhayorapi taddoṣaṃ nāropayati karhicit

Translation

اگر دینے والے اور کھانے والے کو سوتک یا مرتک کی ناپاکی کا علم نہ ہو تو وہ عیب کبھی بھی ان دونوں میں سے کسی پر عائد نہیں ہوتا۔

Word by Word
दात्राby the giver
दात्रा:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootदातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; करण (by the giver)
भोक्त्राby the eater/recipient
भोक्त्रा:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootभोक्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; करण (by the eater/recipient)
चand
च:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (and)
नnot
न:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (not)
ज्ञातम्known
ज्ञातम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञात (कृदन्त; √ज्ञा (धातु) क्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त ‘known’ (predicate: not known)
सूतकम्birth-impurity (sūtaka)
सूतकम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसूतक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विषय (impurity due to birth)
मृतकम्death-impurity (mṛtaka)
मृतकम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमृतक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विषय (impurity due to death)
तथाlikewise
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/प्रकार-अव्यय (also/likewise)
उभयोःof both (persons)
उभयोः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootउभ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, द्विवचन; ‘of both’
अपिeven
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअपि-अव्यय (even/also)
तत्-दोषम्that fault
तत्-दोषम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + दोष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय: ‘तत् दोषः’ = that fault; कर्म (object)
नnot
न:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (not)
आरोपयतिattributes/imputes
आरोपयति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√रुप्/√रुह् (धातु) causative?; standard: √रुह् with उपसर्ग-आ + णिच् (causative)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; णिजन्त ‘causes to be placed/attributes’
कर्हिचित्ever/at any time
कर्हिचित्:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/temporal)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकर्हिचित् (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (at any time/ever)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue teaching Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Aśauca-doṣa is not assigned when both giver and eater are genuinely unaware of sūtaka/mṛtaka.

Vedantic Theme: Kartṛtva-bhoktṛtva bound by dharma; doṣa depends on saṅkalpa/jñāna rather than mere external contact.

Application: When hosting/accepting food, if neither party knows of birth/death impurity, proceed without fear; avoid retroactive blame once ignorance is established.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.45.23 (doṣa when one knows); Garuda Purana 2.45.25-26 (śrāddha procedure and purity disciplines)

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda
S
Sūtaka
M
Mṛtaka

FAQs

They define periods of ritual impurity after birth (sūtaka) and death (mṛtaka), guiding when certain exchanges (like eating or giving) may be restricted; this verse adds that unknown impurity does not create blame.

The Preta Kanda emphasizes correct rites and dharmic conduct around death; this verse clarifies accountability—fault depends on awareness—supporting orderly performance of rites without unjustly attributing sin.

If you unknowingly accept food or a gift during someone’s sūtaka/mṛtaka period, this teaching indicates you should not self-assign guilt; once known, follow appropriate dharmic precautions and community norms.

←Previous Verse
Next Verse→