Shloka 19

Explanation of Purification (Śuddhi-vyākhyāna)

Devanagari script

दद्यादन्नं द्विजानां च ताम्बूलं दक्षिणां तथा / एवं शिष्टतमं विप्रं हरिण्येन प्रपूजयेत्

Transliteration

dadyādannaṃ dvijānāṃ ca tāmbūlaṃ dakṣiṇāṃ tathā / evaṃ śiṣṭatamaṃ vipraṃ hariṇyena prapūjayet

Translation

دویجوں (برہمنوں) کو کھانا دے، ساتھ پان (تامبول) اور دکشنہ بھی دے؛ اس طرح نہایت شائستہ برہمن کی سونے سے حسبِ دستور تعظیم کرے۔

Word by Word

• dadyāt: should give
• dadyāt: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dā (दा)
• Form: Vidhilin (Potential/विधिलिङ्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• annam: food
• annam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anna (अन्न)
• Form: Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग)

• dvijānām: to the twice-born (Brahmins)
• dvijānām: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान) [Genitive used for Dative]
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvija (द्विज)
• Form: Genitive (षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग)

• ca: and
• ca: null
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (च)
• Form: Conjunction

• tāmbūlam: betel leaves/pan
• tāmbūlam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tāmbūla (ताम्बूल)
• Form: Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग)

• dakṣiṇām: sacrificial fee/gift
• dakṣiṇām: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dakṣiṇā (दक्षिणा)
• Form: Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग)

• tathā: also/in that manner
• tathā: null
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (तथा)
• Form: Adverb

• evam: thus/in this way
• evam: null
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (एवम्)
• Form: Adverb

• śiṣṭatamam: most learned/cultured
• śiṣṭatamam: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śiṣṭatama (शिष्टतम)
• Form: Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Superlative

• vipram: Brahmin
• vipram: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vipra (विप्र)
• Form: Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग)

• hariṇyena: with gold
• hariṇyena: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hariṇya (हरिण्य)
• Form: Instrumental (तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग)

• prapūjayet: should worship/honor
• prapūjayet: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pūj (पूज्) + pra (प्र)
• Form: Vidhilin (Potential/विधिलिङ्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Ekoddishta

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: During brāhmaṇa-bhojana and dakṣiṇā segment concluding the śrāddha.

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Śrāddha is completed by feeding and honoring qualified brāhmaṇas; special reverence to the most disciplined (śiṣṭatama) with appropriate dakṣiṇā (including gold) is praised.

Vedantic Theme: Respect for dharma-bearers (brāhmaṇa as ritual conduit) as a means to sustain sacred order (ṛta/dharma).

Application: Offer food and respectful gifts to officiants/elders; prioritize integrity and conduct over mere status when selecting recipients.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: household-ritual-space

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana śrāddha sections on brāhmaṇa-bhojana and dakṣiṇā; Garuda Purana emphasis on śiṣṭa-brāhmaṇa selection for rites

Characters & Entities

• Dvijas (Brahmins)
• Vipra (learned Brahmin)

FAQs

What is the importance of giving food and dakṣiṇā in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames anna-dāna (offering food), along with tāmbūla and dakṣiṇā, as a proper way to complete ritual duty—honoring the learned and disciplined vipra so the rite is considered well-performed.

How does this verse relate to Garuda Purana post-death rites (Preta Kanda)?

In the Preta Kanda context, correct offerings and respectful honoring of qualified Brahmins support the efficacy of śrāddha-style observances that are performed for the welfare of the departed and the maintenance of dharma.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Offer food respectfully, support authentic spiritual service with fair giving (dakṣiṇā), and prioritize integrity—honoring those who are truly disciplined and learned rather than treating rituals as mere formality.