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Shloka 89

Dāna as Prāyaścitta; Deathbed Gifts; Antyeṣṭi Procedures; Nārāyaṇa-bali for Untimely Deaths

Devanagari script

ऊनद्विवर्षं निखनेन्न कुर्यादुदकं ततः / योषित्पतिव्रता या स्याद्भर्तारं यानुगच्छति

Transliteration

ūnadvivarṣaṃ nikhanenna kuryādudakaṃ tataḥ / yoṣitpativratā yā syādbhartāraṃ yānugacchati

Translation

دو برس سے کم عمر کے جسم کو نہ دفن کیا جائے اور نہ ہی اس کے لیے اُدک (پانی کی نذر) کی رسم کی جائے۔ جو عورت سچی پتی ورتا ہو، وہ اپنے شوہر کی گتی کا اتباع کرتی ہے۔

Word by Word
ऊन-द्वि-वर्षम्less than two years (old)
ऊन-द्वि-वर्षम्:
Karma (Object qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootūna (प्रातिपदिक) + dvi (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + varṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying an implied object like ‘śarīram/pretam’); तत्पुरुषः ‘dvivarṣāt ūnam’ = less than two years (old)
निखनेत्should bury
निखनेत्:
Kriya (Main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootni-√khan (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; उपसर्ग: नि-
नnot
न:
Negation
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)
कुर्यात्should do/make
कुर्यात्:
Kriya (Main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√kṛ (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
उदकम्water (libation)
उदकम्:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootudaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन
ततःthereafter
ततः:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (Temporal)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय/तसिल्)
Formअव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त (ablatival adverb) ‘thereafter/from that’
योषित्-पतिव्रताa devoted wife
योषित्-पतिव्रता:
Karta (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootyoṣit (प्रातिपदिक) + pativratā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः ‘yoṣit eva pativratā’ = a woman devoted to her husband
याwho
या:
Karta (Subject, relative)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धक/यद्-प्रत्यय (relative pronoun)
स्यात्may be/is (should be)
स्यात्:
Kriya (Copular)
TypeVerb
Root√as (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
भर्तारम्husband
भर्तारम्:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootbhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन
याwho
या:
Karta (Subject, relative)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धक (relative pronoun), ‘she who’
अनुगच्छतिfollows
अनुगच्छति:
Kriya (Main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootanu-√gam (धातु)
Formलट् (Present Indicative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; उपसर्ग: अनु-
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda)

Shraddha Ritual

Beneficiary: deceased child (under two years)

Timing: immediately after death (eligibility restriction for under two years)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Age-based restriction on burial/udaka rites; idealized pativratā-dharma and anugamana concept.

Vedantic Theme: Karma and saṃskāra eligibility: ritual acts correspond to social-ritual status; dharma as ordering principle amid impermanence.

Application: Follow prescribed distinctions in funerary rites for infants; understand that traditional texts may encode social ideals (pativratā) that require careful contextual interpretation today.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: funerary/household ritual context

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.4 surrounding verses on antyeṣṭi and post-death rites

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda

FAQs

In the Preta Kanda, udaka signifies a formal rite of offering and transition for the departed; this verse notes an exception where such water-offerings are not prescribed for those under two years.

It frames eligibility and exceptions for post-death rites that support the departed’s transition; it also states a dharmic ideal that a pativratā’s course is bound to her husband’s destiny.

Follow tradition-specific guidance (and qualified priestly counsel) on age-based funeral rite variations, and understand that Garuda Purana places strong emphasis on dharma and relational duties in shaping one’s life-path.

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