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Shloka 91

Dharma–Adharma Marks; Daśāha, Piṇḍa Formation, Śrāddha Calendar, Śayyā-dāna, and Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa Rules

Devanagari script

उपकाराय सा भर्तुर्जीवन्ती न मृता तथा / उद्धरेज्जीवमाना सा सती सत्यवती प्रियम्

Transliteration

upakārāya sā bharturjīvantī na mṛtā tathā / uddharejjīvamānā sā satī satyavatī priyam

Translation

شوہر کے فائدے کے لیے وہ زندہ رہے، مر نہ جائے؛ زندہ رہتے ہوئے وہ ستی، سچّی بیوی اپنے محبوب کا اُدھّار کرے۔

Word by Word
upakārāyafor the benefit
upakārāya:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootupakāra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Caturthī (4th/चतुर्थी), Ekavacana; sampradāna/purpose dative
sāshe
sā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
bhartuḥof (her) husband
bhartuḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootbhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana; genitive relation
jīvantīliving
jīvantī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Root√jīv (जीव् धातु)
FormVartamāna-kāla-kṛdanta (śatṛ), Strīliṅga Prathamā Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of sā
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; niṣedha (negation particle)
mṛtādead
mṛtā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Root√mṛ (मृ धातु)
FormKta (past passive participle), Strīliṅga Prathamā Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of sā (i.e., 'not dead')
tathāthus
tathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb = 'thus/likewise'
uddharetshould lift/save
uddharet:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootud-√hṛ (हृ धातु)
FormVidhi-liṅ (Optative), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada
jīvamānāwhile living
jīvamānā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Root√jīv (जीव् धातु)
FormVartamāna-kāla-kṛdanta (śānac), Strīliṅga Prathamā Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of sā
sāshe
sā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
satīvirtuous (wife)
satī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsatī (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त from √as अस्, present participle used as noun)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa = 'virtuous/chaste woman'
satyavatītruthful
satyavatī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsatyavatī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of sā
priyamthe beloved (husband)/dear one
priyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpriya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसakaliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; karma (object)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: For the husband’s benefit, the wife should remain alive; as a satī (faithful) and satyavatī (truthful), she should uplift her beloved through living action.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma as compassionate agency; rejection of self-destruction in favor of purposeful duty and inner steadiness.

Application: In bereavement, choose life, fulfill responsibilities, perform śrāddha/dāna, and maintain truthful, stabilizing conduct for family and the departed’s remembrance.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: household/social sphere (implied)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.34.90 (wife’s rites for husband); Garuda Purana śrāddha sections emphasizing the living’s role in preta-upakāra

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda
B
Bhartṛ (husband)

FAQs

This verse emphasizes dharmic support: a virtuous wife benefits her husband through living conduct—truthfulness, care, and protective action—rather than self-destruction.

In the Preta Kanda’s discussion of death and post-death consequences, the text also instructs the living on righteous behavior; here it frames virtue and truth as practical supports that uplift family destiny.

Choose life-affirming dharma: act with truthfulness, steadiness, and care for loved ones—supporting family wellbeing through ethical conduct rather than harmful extremes.

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